春节的手抄报内容英语

关于春节的手抄报内容英语

　　春节，是农历新年，是一年之岁首，春节的起源蕴含着深厚的文化内涵，在传承发展中承载了丰厚的历史文化底蕴。以下是小编为大家整理的关于春节的手抄报内容英语，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。（点击对应目录可以直接查阅哦！）

　　春节简介

　　（一）介绍introduce

　　春节（Spring Festival），即中国农历新年（Chinese New Year），俗称“新春”“新岁”“岁旦”等，又称“过年”“过大年”，是集除旧布新、拜神祭祖、祈福辟邪、亲朋团圆、欢庆娱乐和饮食为一体的民俗大节。

　　春节历史悠久，起源于早期人类的原始信仰与自然崇拜，由上古时代岁首祈岁祭祀演变而来。万物本乎天、人本乎祖，祈岁祭祀、敬天法祖，报本反始也。春节的起源蕴含着深邃的文化内涵，在传承发展中承载了丰厚的历史文化底蕴。在春节期间，全国各地均有举行各种庆贺新春活动，带有浓郁的各地地方特色。

　　在早期观象授时时代，依据斗转星移定岁时，“斗柄回寅”为岁首。“斗柄回寅”春回大地、终而复始、万象更新，新的轮回由此开启。在传统的农耕社会，春回大地的岁首具有重要意义，衍生了大量与之相关的岁首节俗文化。在历史发展中虽然使用历法不同而岁首节庆日期不同，但是其节庆框架以及许多民俗沿承了下来。在现代，人们把春节定于农历正月初一，但一般至少要到正月十五新年才算结束。

　　百节年为首、四季春为先，春节是中华民族最隆重的传统佳节。受到中华文化的影响，世界上一些国家和地区也有庆贺新春的习俗。据不完全统计，已有近20个国家和地区把中国春节定为整体或者所辖部分城市的法定节假日。春节与清明节、端午节、中秋节并称为中国四大传统节日。

　　春节民俗经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

　　The Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese Lunar New Year, commonly known as "New Year", "New Year", "New Years Day", etc., also known as "New Year" or "Great New Year", is a folk festival that integrates the elimination of old customs, the worship of gods and ancestors, praying for blessings and warding off evil spirits, family and friends reunion, celebration and entertainment, and food.

　　The Spring Festival has a long history, originating from the primitive beliefs and natural worship of early humans, and evolved from the ancient age of praying for the beginning of the year and offering sacrifices. All things are based on heaven, and people are based on their ancestors. We pray for the new year to worship and honor the heavens and ancestors, and to start anew. The origin of the Spring Festival contains profound cultural connotations and carries rich historical and cultural heritage in its inheritance and development. During the Spring Festival, various celebration activities are held throughout the country, with strong local characteristics.

　　In the early era of observing and timing, based on the rotation of the stars, the "Dou Bing Hui Yin" was used as the beginning of the year. "Dou Bing Hui Yin" returns to the earth in spring, and all things are renewed, opening up a new cycle. In traditional agricultural societies, the beginning of the Spring Festival is of great significance and has given rise to a large number of related customs and traditions. Although different calendars were used in historical development and the dates of festivals at the beginning of the year were different, the festive framework and many folk customs have been inherited. In modern times, people set the Spring Festival on the first day of the first lunar month, but generally it does not end until the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.

　　The Spring Festival is the most solemn traditional festival of the Chinese nation, with the hundred festival years as the first and the four seasons spring as the first. Influenced by Chinese culture, some countries and regions around the world also have customs to celebrate the Chinese New Year. According to incomplete statistics, nearly 20 countries and regions have designated the Chinese Spring Festival as a legal holiday for the whole or some cities under their jurisdiction. The Spring Festival, together with the Tomb sweeping Day, the Dragon Boat Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, is known as Chinas four major traditional festivals.

　　The folk customs of the Spring Festival have been approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

　　（二）节日起源The Origin of Festivals

　　古老传统节日的起源与上古原始信仰、祭祀文化以及星象、历法等人文与自然文化内容有关。据现代人类学、考古学的研究成果，人类最原始的两种信仰：一是天地信仰，二是祖先信仰。古老传统节日多数形成于古人择日祭祀，以谢天地神灵、祖先恩德，以及祈福辟邪的活动。早期的节日文化，反映的是古人自然崇拜、天人合一、慎终追远、固本思源的人文精神；一系列的祭祀活动，则蕴含着祗敬感德、礼乐文明深邃文化内涵。岁首节日的起源与发展涵盖了人文哲学与自然规律等方面内容。

　　在早期观象授时时代，“斗柄回寅”为春正（岁首），立春乃万物起始、一切更生之义也，意味着新的一岁已开启。“岁”的概念，来自上古历法，“岁”即“摄提”（原始干支），又名为“岁星”、“太岁”。在传承发展中后世将这套多音节的摄提纪元（岁）术语简化为一个字，其与简化后的干支在《尔雅》与《史记》均有对照关系的记载。如：太岁在寅曰摄提格，在卯曰单阏，…在子曰困敦，在丑曰赤奋若（语出《尔雅·释天》）。干支（岁）纪元以北斗星的斗柄指向正东偏北方位的“建寅”之月为起始，然后顺时针方向旋转，循环往复。在传统文化中，干支与方位以及八卦等是联系在一起的，寅位是后天八卦的艮位，是岁终岁首交结的方位，代表终而又始，如《易·说卦传》曰：“艮，东北之卦也，万物之所成终而所成始也。”十二月运行，周而复始，岁末十二月指丑方，正月又复还寅位。斗柄回寅，春回大地，终而复始，万象更新，新岁由此开始

　　在传统的农耕社会，春回大地、终而复始、万象更新的立春岁首具有重要意义，衍生了大量与之相关的岁首节俗文化。虽然此后由于在历史发展中阴阳合历历法制度的推广，岁首节庆日期不同，但是其节庆框架以及许多民俗沿承了下来。春节是由岁首祈岁祭祀演变而来，古人在春回大地、终而复始、万象更新的岁首，举行祭祀活动报祭天地众神、祖先的恩德，驱邪攘灾、祈岁纳福。古代的祭仪情形虽渺茫难晓，但还是可以从后世的节仪中寻找到一些古俗遗迹。如岭南部分地区沿承有在新年初一拜岁以及新年期间隆重盛大的拜神祭祖、驱邪纳福节仪活动，由此可见上古时代岁首祭祀的蛛丝马迹。春节的起源和发展是一个逐渐形成，潜移默化地完善与普及的过程。春节文化作为中华传统文化的重要组成部分，承载着博大精深的中华文化底蕴，也记录着古代人们丰富多彩的社会生活文化内容。

　　The origin of ancient traditional festivals is related to ancient primitive beliefs, sacrificial culture, as well as human and natural cultural content such as astrology and calendar. According to the research results of modern anthropology and archaeology, the two most primitive beliefs of humans are: the belief in heaven and earth, and the belief in ancestors. Most ancient traditional festivals were formed by ancient people choosing a day for worship, to express gratitude to the gods, ancestors, and to pray for blessings and ward off evil. The early festival culture reflected the humanistic spirit of ancient peoples worship of nature, unity between heaven and man, cautious pursuit of the future, and rooted thinking; A series of sacrificial activities contain profound cultural connotations of respect, morality, and ritual and music civilization. The origin and development of the New Years Day cover aspects such as humanistic philosophy and natural laws.

　　In the early era of observing and timing, "Dou Bing Hui Yin" was the beginning of spring (the beginning of the year), and the beginning of spring was the beginning of all things and the meaning of all rebirth, indicating that a new year had begun. The concept of "Sui" comes from ancient calendars, where "Sui" refers to "Sheti" (primitive stem and branch), also known as "Suixing" or "Taisui". In the process of inheritance and development, later generations simplified this multi syllabic era (year) terminology into one character, which is recorded in comparison with the simplified Ganzhi in both Erya and Shiji. For example, when Tai Sui was in Yin, he called himself a photographer, when he was in Ma o, he called himself a monk, and when he was in Confucius, he called himself a destitute person, and when he was in Chou, he called himself a chifen ruo (from "Er Ya Shi Tian"). The Ganzhi era begins with the month of Jianyin, which points due northeast from the handle of the Big Dipper, and then rotates clockwise in a circular motion. In traditional culture, the stem and branch are related to the direction and the Eight Trigrams. The Yin position is the Gen position of the acquired Eight Trigrams, which represents the intersection of the end of the year and the beginning of the year, representing both the end and the beginning. For example, in the "Yi · Shuogua Zhuan", it is said: "Gen is the hexagram of the northeast, which is the end and beginning of all things." In December, it runs in a cycle, and at the end of the year, December refers to the ugly side. In January, it returns to the Yin position. The handle returns to the Yin, the spring returns to the earth, and once again, everything is renewed, marking the beginning of the new year

　　In traditional agricultural societies, the beginning of the Spring Festival, which returns to the earth, repeats itself, and updates everything, is of great significance and has given rise to a large number of related customs and traditions. Although the promotion of the Yin Yang combined calendar system in historical development resulted in different dates for the beginning of the year, its festival framework and many folk customs have been inherited. The Spring Festival evolved from the ritual of praying for blessings at the beginning of the year. In ancient times, at the beginning of the year when spring returns to the earth, and everything is renewed, people held sacrificial activities to pay tribute to the blessings of the gods and ancestors, ward off evil spirits and disasters, and pray for blessings and blessings. Although the situation of ancient sacrificial ceremonies is uncertain, some ancient customs relics can still be found from the festival ceremonies of later generations. In some areas of Lingnan, there are grand and grand activities such as worshipping gods and ancestors, warding off evil spirits and receiving blessings on the first day of the New Year, as well as during the New Year period. This shows the clues and clues of the ancient eras year-end worship. The origin and development of the Spring Festival is a process of gradual formation, subtle improvement, and popularization. The Spring Festival culture, as an important component of traditional Chinese culture, carries a vast and profound cultural heritage, as well as records the rich and colorful social and cultural content of ancient people.

　　（三）历史发展Historical development

　　时间演变Time evolution

　　中国的星象文化源远流长、博大精深，古人很早开始就探索宇宙的奥秘，并由此演绎出了一套完整深奥的观星文化。北斗七星循环旋转，这斗转星移与时节变化有着密切的关系。北斗七星是北半球（中国位于北半球）的重要星象，斗转星移时北半球黄赤交角其附近相应地域的自然节律亦在渐变，因此成为了人们判断时节变化的依据。“斗柄回寅”大地回春，万象更新，新岁开启。在历史发展演变中，由于朝代更迭、历法变动，岁首（新年）在日期上亦不同。

　　中国历代的岁首（新年），设定日期并不一致：

　　上古时代：岁纪摄提，即干支纪元法。北斗七星的斗柄从正东偏北（后天八卦艮位）为起点，顺时针旋转一圈谓之一岁（摄提）。斗指寅为春正（正月），“建正”之月为寅月，立春为岁首。（星辰历）

　　夏商周：夏历正月在孟春，商历正月在冬十二月，周历正月在冬十一月。（阴历）

　　秦始皇统一六国后，使用秦历（颛顼历），正月在冬十月。（阴历）

　　汉朝初期沿用秦历（颛顼历）。到了汉武帝太初元年，即公元前104年，天文学家唐都、落下闳等人制订了《太初历》（又称“八十一分律历”），并吸收了干支历的节气成分作为指导农事的历法补充，将冬季十月一日为岁首改为以春季一月一日为岁首。

　　汉朝以后，曾有几名皇帝进行过改历改岁首。王莽篡汉后，规定十二月朔日为岁首，是为殷正。魏明帝曹叡也一度改为殷正。武则天称帝后，改国号为“周”，采用周正。此后历代又改用夏正，以一月朔日为岁首。

　　经历代发展，后人在早期历法基础上逐渐完善为当今使用的夏历。此后中国一直沿用夏历直至今。1970年以后“夏历”改称为“农历”（阴阳合历）。

　　辛亥革命以后，逐渐改用公历纪年（属阳历的一种，又称格里高利历）。后来为区别夏历和公历两个新年，鉴于夏历一月一日恰在干支历法中表示季节变迁的廿四个特定节令之一的“立春”节气前后，因此便把夏历（农历）一月一日改称为“春节”，公历一月一日改称为“元旦”。

　　1913年7月（民国二年），袁世凯批准以正月初一为春节，同意春节例行放假，1914年起开始实行。自此，夏历岁首就由以往的“过年”改成了“春节”。

　　Chinas astrological culture has a long and profound history, and ancient people began to explore the mysteries of the universe at an early age, thus deducing a complete and profound culture of stargazing. The rotation of the Big Dipper is closely related to seasonal changes. The Big Dipper is an important celestial phenomenon in the Northern Hemisphere (China is located in the Northern Hemisphere). When the Big Dipper moves, the natural rhythm of the corresponding area near the yellow declination angle in the Northern Hemisphere also gradually changes, making it the basis for people to judge seasonal changes. "Dou Bing Hui Yin" brings spring back to the earth, everything is renewed, and the new year begins. In the historical development and evolution, due to changes in dynasties and calendars, the beginning of the year (New Year) also differs in date.

　　The beginning of the Chinese New Year (New Year) in various dynasties is not set on the same date:

　　In ancient times, the Suiji era was known as the Ganzhi era method. The handle of the Big Dipper starts from due northeast (the position of Bagua Gen in the day after tomorrow) and rotates clockwise once, which is called one year old (Seti). Douzhi Yin is the first month of spring, the month of Jianzheng is the Yin month, and the beginning of spring is the beginning of the year. (Star calendar)

　　Xia Shang Zhou: The first month of the Xia calendar is in Mengchun, the first month of the Shang calendar is in December of winter, and the first month of the Zhou calendar is in November of winter. (Lunar calendar)

　　After unifying the six states, Emperor Qin Shi Huang used the Qin calendar (Zhuanxu calendar), with the first month in the winter October. (Lunar calendar)

　　In the early Han Dynasty, the Qin calendar (Zhuanxu calendar) was used. In the first year of the Taichu reign of Emperor Wu of Han, which was 104 BC, astronomers Tang Du, Luo Xiahong, and others formulated the "Taichu Calendar" (also known as the "81st Division Calendar") and absorbed the seasonal components of the Ganzhi Calendar as a supplementary calendar to guide agriculture. They changed the start of the year from October 1st in winter to January 1st in spring.

　　After the Han Dynasty, several emperors changed the calendar and the beginning of the year. After Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, he established the new moon of December as the beginning of the year, which was called Yin Zheng. Emperor Wei Ming, Cao Rui, was also temporarily changed to Yin Zheng. After Empress Wu Zetian proclaimed herself emperor, she changed the countrys name to "Zhou" and adopted Zhou Zheng. Afterwards, throughout history, Xia Zheng was used again, with the new moon of the first month as the beginning of the year.

　　Through generations of development, later generations gradually improved the early calendar into the summer calendar used today. Since then, China has continued to use the summer calendar until today. After 1970, the "summer calendar" was renamed as the "lunar calendar" (Yin Yang combined calendar).

　　After the Xinhai Revolution, the Gregorian calendar (a type of solar calendar, also known as the Gregorian calendar) was gradually adopted for chronological purposes. Later, in order to distinguish between the two new years in the Xia and Gregorian calendars, considering that the first day of the first lunar month falls before and after the "Li Chun" solar term, one of the twenty-four specific seasonal changes in the Gan Zhi calendars, the first day of the first lunar month was renamed "Spring Festival" and the first day of the first lunar month was renamed "New Years Day".

　　In July 1913 (the second year of the Republic of China), Yuan Shikai approved the use of the first day of the first lunar month as the Spring Festival and agreed to a regular holiday for the Spring Festival. It began to be implemented in 1914. Since then, the beginning of the summer calendar has changed from the previous "Chinese New Year" to "Spring Festival".

　　名称变革Name change

　　现在农历的“正月初一”，历史上称为元朔、元日、新元、元旦、正日、元辰、新正等。现在过的农历正月初一“春节”这一节日名称，古代是没有的（古时一般称为过年、年节），是民国政府创造的。“春节”这一概念是在民国时期逐渐被提起。民国时期，公历被引进，而农历成为了进行农事的标准。1914年民国政府在内务部呈文中提到“拟请定阴历元旦为春节”。故，春节这一说法才逐渐流传开来。

　　辛亥革命后，1912年中华民国北洋政府时期采用公历，但用“民国”纪年，1月1日为公历岁首；1914年起把夏历正月初一（即农历正月初一）作“春节”，视为农历年的开始，即为岁首。

　　1949年9月27日，中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议决定采用“公元纪年法”，将公历1月1日称为“元旦”，夏历正月初一仍称“春节”。

　　在英语国家，一直被称作“Chinese new year”，有时简称CNY，或者Spring Festival。The first day of the first lunar month in the lunar calendar is historically known as Yuanshuo, Yuanri, Xinyuan, New Years Day, Zhengri, Yuanchen, Xinzheng, etc. The name "Spring Festival", which is celebrated on the first day of the first lunar month, did not exist in ancient times (usually referred to as "New Year" or "New Years Festival" in ancient times) and was created by the government of the Republic of China. The concept of "Spring Festival" was gradually introduced during the Republic of China period. During the Republic of China period, the Gregorian calendar was introduced, and the lunar calendar became the standard for farming. In 1914, the government of the Republic of China proposed in a document submitted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs to designate the Lunar New Years Day as the Spring Festival. Therefore, the saying of Spring Festival gradually spread.

　　After the Xinhai Revolution, in 1912, during the Beiyang government period of the Republic of China, the Gregorian calendar was adopted, but the "Republic of China" was used to record the year, with January 1st as the beginning of the Gregorian calendar; Starting from 1914, the first day of the first lunar month in the Xia calendar (also known as the first day of the first lunar month) was referred to as the "Spring Festival" and regarded as the beginning of the lunar year, which is the beginning of the year.

　　On September 27, 1949, the first plenary session of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference decided to adopt the "AD chronology", referring to January 1 in the Gregorian calendar as "New Years Day" and the first day of the first lunar month in the Xia calendar as "Spring Festival".

　　In English speaking countries, it has always been referred to as "Chinese new year", sometimes abbreviated as CNY, or Spring Festival.

　　内容发展Content development

　　远古的天皇时代，已有干支历法及岁时的雏形。据《盘古王表》与《三命通会》等记载：“天皇始制干支之名以定岁之所在”。十天干曰：阏逢、旃蒙、柔兆、强圉、著雍、屠维、上章、重光、玄黓、昭阳；十二地支曰：摄提格、单阏、执徐、大荒落、敦牂、协洽、涒滩、作噩、阉茂、大渊献、困顿、赤奋若。天皇氏的这一发明影响深远，后世用于历法、术数、计算、命名等各方面（北宋时编撰的官方正史著作《资治通鉴》就是以这套干支术语纪年）。

　　在上古观象授时的时代，农事周期就是庆典周期，有些节气也就是节日，终而复始、万象更新、春回大地的岁节更是百节之首，衍生了大量与之相关的节俗文化。春节历史悠久，起源于早期人类的原始信仰与自然崇拜，由上古时代岁首祈岁祭祀演变而来，与星象、历法、天气、祭祀文化等有关。

　　在秦汉以前，南北各地风俗时历不同，一些地方岁首礼俗所重的不是阴历正月朔日，而是干支历廿四节气的立春。作为传统的农耕社会，古人相当重视春回大地、万物更生的立春岁首，立春岁首对于传统农耕社会来说，具有重要的意义。先秦时期中国一些地方传承着在立春岁首拜神祭祖、祈岁纳福、驱邪攘灾、除旧布新等为主题的节庆活动，这一系列的节庆活动不仅构成了后世岁首节庆的雏型框架，而且它的`民俗功能也一直遗存至今。

　　汉代是中国统一后第一个大发展时期，南北的经济文化交流使风俗习惯也互相融合，这对节日习俗的传播普及提供了良好的社会条件，此后在文献上渐出现了岁首祭祀的记载。如东汉崔寔《四民月令》中提到，“正月之旦，是谓正日。躬率妻孥，絜祀祖祢。”过新年的习俗活动在全国民间越来越广泛，也越来越丰富了。

　　魏晋时，出现了除夕守岁习俗的文字记载。如晋朝周处所著的《风土记》中记载：除夕之夜大家各相与赠送，称“馈岁”；长幼聚欢，祝颂完备，称“分岁”；终岁不眠，以待天明，称“守岁”。

　　唐代时，人们除登门拜年，还发明一种“拜年帖”。唐太宗李世民用赤金箔做成贺卡，御书“普天同庆”，赐予大臣。这一形式迅速在民间普及，改用梅花笺纸。当时这种“拜年帖”被称为“飞帖”。

　　宋代时民间开始普遍用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成串做成“编炮”（即鞭炮）。除夕、春节放爆竹之俗便逐渐盛行。《东京梦华录》说：“是夜，禁中爆竹山呼，闻声于外。”

　　明代，接灶神、贴门神、除夕守岁、十五赏灯会已经盛行。《万历嘉兴府志》中记载：“除夕，易门神、桃符、春帖，井隈皆封。爆竹，燔紫，设酒果聚饮，锣鼓彻夜，谓之守岁。”

　　清代非常重视过年，宫廷过年十分奢华，皇帝有写福字下赐群臣的习俗。过年要一直延续至元宵佳节才算结束，猜灯谜是甚为流行的取乐方式。

　　辛亥革命带来了全新的时代，政府提倡新历。礼仪上，把以前跪拜或者作揖等礼节全部废除，改成脱帽、鞠躬、握手、鼓掌等新礼节，逐渐成为中国人际交往的文明仪式。

　　In the ancient era of the Emperor, there was already a prototype of the Ganzhi calendar and the age. According to records such as "Pangu Wang Biao" and "San Ming Tong Hui", "the emperor first established the name of the stem and branch to determine the location of the year.". The Ten Heavenly Stems said: E Feng, Zhan Meng, Rou Zhao, Qiang Yu, Zhu Yong, Tu Wei, Shang Zhang, Chong Guang, Xuan Xuan, and Zhao Yang; The Twelve Earthly Branches are: Shetige, Dane, Zhixu, Dahuanglu, Dunzang, Xieqia, Kutan, Zuo Ou, Zhi Ma o, Da Yuan Xian, Quandun, and Chi Fenruo. The invention of the Emperor had a profound impact and was later used in various aspects such as calendar, numerology, calculation, and naming (the official historical work "Zizhi Tongjian" compiled during the Northern Song Dynasty used this set of Ganzhi terminology to record the years).

　　In the ancient era of observing and timing, the agricultural cycle was the celebration cycle, and some solar terms were also festivals. The annual festival, which is the beginning and ending, updates everything, and brings spring back to the earth, is the top of the hundred festivals, giving rise to a large number of related festival customs and culture. The Spring Festival has a long history and originated from the primitive beliefs and natural worship of early humans. It evolved from the ancient age of praying for the new year at the beginning of the year and is related to astrology, calendar, weather, and sacrificial culture.

　　Before the Qin and Han dynasties, the customs and calendars in different regions of the north and south were different. In some places, the emphasis on the beginning of the year was not on the first lunar month and the new moon, but on the beginning of spring in the 24 solar terms of the stem and branch calendars. As a traditional agricultural society, ancient people attached great importance to the beginning of the Spring Festival, which symbolizes the return of spring to the earth and the rebirth of all things. For traditional agricultural societies, the beginning of the Spring Festival is of great significance. During the pre Qin period, some parts of China inherited festive activities with themes such as worshipping gods and ancestors, praying for blessings, warding off evil and eliminating disasters, and carrying out renovation at the beginning of the Spring Festival. This series of festive activities not only formed the prototype framework of later festive activities, but also their folk functions have been preserved to this day.

　　The Han Dynasty was the first period of great development after the reunification of China. The economic and cultural exchanges between the north and south also integrated customs, providing good social conditions for the dissemination and popularization of festival customs. Since then, records of the annual ritual have gradually appeared in literature. As mentioned in Cui Shis "Four Peoples Monthly Regulations" of the Eastern Han Dynasty, "The day of the first lunar month is called the Zhengri. He leads his wife and children to worship his ancestors." The customs and activities of celebrating the New Year are becoming increasingly widespread and diverse among the people throughout the country.

　　During the Wei and Jin dynasties, there were written records of the custom of observing the New Years Eve. As recorded in the "Fengtu Ji" written by Zhou Chu of the Jin Dynasty, on New Years Eve, everyone presented gifts to each other, known as "giving back the year"; Joyful gatherings from all ages, complete blessings, known as "dividing the years"; Staying awake all year round, waiting for dawn, is called "Shousui".

　　In the Tang Dynasty, people not only visited the door to pay respects to the New Year, but also invented a type of "New Year greeting card". Emperor Taizong of Tang, Li Shimin, used red gold foil to make greeting cards and wrote "Celebration for All" to bestow upon ministers. This form quickly became popular among the people, and plum blossom paper was used instead. At that time, this kind of "New Year greeting card" was called a "flying card".

　　During the Song Dynasty, it was common for people to use paper tubes and hemp stalks wrapped in gunpowder to weave into strings and make "firecrackers" (i.e. firecrackers). The custom of setting off firecrackers on New Years Eve and Spring Festival gradually became popular. "At night, the sound of firecrackers is heard outside the Forbidden City," said the "Dream of Tokyo"

　　In the Ming Dynasty, welcoming the Kitchen God, sticking to the Door God, observing the New Years Eve, and celebrating the 15th Lantern Festival were already popular. According to the "Annals of Jiaxing Prefecture in Wanli", "On New Years Eve, the door gods, peach charms, and spring couplets were changed, and the well and pond were all sealed. Firecrackers were used to burn purple, wine and fruit were gathered for drinking, and drums and gongs were used throughout the night, which is called" Shousui "."

　　The Qing Dynasty attached great importance to celebrating the Chinese New Year, and the imperial court celebrated it with great luxury. The emperor had the custom of writing blessings and bestowing them upon his courtiers. The Spring Festival is not over until the Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival). Guessing lantern riddles is a popular way to have fun.

　　The Xinhai Revolution brought a new era, and the government advocated for a new calendar. In terms of etiquette, the previous etiquette of kneeling or bowing has been completely abolished and replaced with new etiquette such as taking off ones hat, bowing, shaking hands, and applauding, gradually becoming a civilized ritual in Chinese interpersonal communication.

　　（四）年夜饭介绍

　　年夜饭，是春节习俗之一，又称年晚饭、团年饭、团圆饭等，特指年尾除夕的阖家聚餐。年夜饭源于古代的年终祭祀仪，拜祭神灵与祖先后团圆聚餐。年夜饭是年前的重头戏，不但丰富多彩，而且很讲究寓意。吃团年饭前先拜神祭祖，待拜祭仪式完毕后才开饭。席上一般有鸡(寓意有计)、鱼(寓意年年有余)、蚝豉(寓意好市)、发菜(寓意发财)、腐竹(寓意富足)、莲藕(寓意聪明)、生菜(寓意生财)、生蒜(寓意会计算)、腊肠(寓意长长久久)等以求吉利。中国人的年夜饭是家人的团圆聚餐，这顿是年尾最丰盛、最重要的一顿晚餐。

　　New Years Eve dinner is one of the customs of the Spring Festival, also known as the New Year dinner, reunion dinner, reunion dinner, especially the family reunion dinner at the end of the New Years Eve. New Years Eve dinner originated from the ancient year-end ritual, worship gods .

　　New Years Eve dinner is a major event of the year before, not only rich and colorful, but also very moral. Before the Lunar New Years dinner, worship gods and worship ancestors, and wait until the worship ceremony is completed before the meal is served.

　　There are chicken, fish, oyster sauce, vegetable, lotus root, lettuce, garlic and sausage for good fortune. Chinese New Years Eve dinner is a family reunion dinner, which is the most abundant and important dinner at the end of the year.

　　（五）春节的意义The significance of the Spring Festival

　　1.传统文化的传承Inheritance of Traditional Culture

　　大家过春节，其实是对中国传统文化的传承，因为春节并不是近代才有的节日，从古代就有，是当时是舜继王位之后，带领民众进行祭拜天地的时候，慢慢演变而来的，因此从古至今就有这样春节这样一个传统的节日。到了今天，大家在一起过春节，其实也是将古代传承下来的这种传统文化进行传承。

　　Everyone celebrating the Spring Festival is actually an inheritance of traditional Chinese culture, because the Spring Festival is not a festival that only existed in modern times. It has existed since ancient times and evolved from the time when Shun, following the throne, led the people to worship heaven and earth. Therefore, there has been a traditional festival like the Spring Festival from ancient times to the present. Today, when we celebrate the Spring Festival together, we are actually inheriting the traditional culture passed down from ancient times

　　2.代表阖家团圆Representing family reunion

　　春节是定在每年腊月的30日，这一天过后，就是告别旧的一年，迎来新的一年了。所以这天不仅是春节，也是全家团圆的日子，在外求学或者是工作的人都会回到自己的家乡，回到自己的家庭，与家人们一起来吃上一个团圆饭。所以春节对于很多人来说，是代表着阖家团圆的日子，所以大家对春节是非常期待的。The Spring Festival is scheduled on the 30th day of the twelfth lunar month each year. After this day, it is time to bid farewell to the old year and welcome a new one. So this day is not only the Spring Festival, but also a day for family reunion. People who study or work outside will return to their hometowns, return to their families, and have a reunion dinner with their families. So for many people, the Spring Festival represents a day of family reunion, so everyone is very looking forward to the Spring Festival.

　　3.祈求幸福Pray for happiness

　　在春节很多地区都会有祭拜神灵，祭拜祖先的这样的传统祭拜习俗，是希望得到祖先神灵，天帝的保佑，在新的一年了能够家庭幸福，生活美满，事业有成，阖家团圆，是对新年的一种期望，以及对新年的一种祈祷，充满着非常美好的希望。In many regions during the Spring Festival, there is a traditional worship custom of worshipping gods and ancestors. It is hoped to receive the blessings of the ancestors, gods, and the Heavenly Emperor, so that in the new year, one can have a happy family, a happy life, successful career, and a family reunion. It is an expectation for the New Year and a prayer for the New Year, full of very beautiful hope.

　　4.欢腾庆祝Celebrating with joy

　　春节是中国的传统节日，是非常重要的一个节日，所以在春节的时候，举国欢庆，所有的商家，还有各个地方都会挂上红灯笼，或者贴上春联，然后还会举办各种民俗活动，比如会举办一些灯会，或者会舞龙等等民俗活动庆祝这样的节日，这也是体现了中国的繁荣昌盛，国泰民安。

　　The Spring Festival is a traditional Chinese festival and a very important one. Therefore, during the Spring Festival, the whole country celebrates, and all businesses and places will hang red lanterns or paste Spring Festival couplets. Various folk activities will also be held, such as lantern festivals or dragon dances, to celebrate such festivals. This also reflects Chinas prosperity, national peace and security.

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　　春节由来与传说

　　一、春节的来历The Origin of Spring Festival

　　春节，是农历的岁首，春节的另一名称叫过年，是中国最盛大、最热闹、最重要的一个古老传统节日，也是中国人所独有的节日，是中华文明最集中的表现。春节的历史很悠久，它起源于殷商时期年头岁尾的祭神祭祖活动。按照我国农历，正月初一古称元日、元辰、元正、元朔、元旦等，俗称年初一，到了民国时期，改用公历，公历的一月一日称为元旦，把农历的一月一日叫春节。

　　春节和年的概念，最初的含意来自农业，古时人们把谷的生长周期称为“年”，《说文。禾部》：“年，谷熟也：。在夏商时代产生了夏历，以月亮圆缺的周期为月，一年划分为十二个月，每月以不见月亮的那天为朔，正月朔日的子时称为岁首，即一年的开始，也叫年，年的名称是从周朝开始的，自西汉以来，春节的习俗一直延续到今天。春节一般指除夕和正月初一。但在民间，传统意义上的春节是指从腊月初八的腊祭或腊月二十三或二十四的祭灶，一直到正月十五，其中以除夕和正月初一为高潮。如何过庆贺这个节日，在千百年的`历史发展中，形成了一些较为固定的风俗习惯，有许多还相传至今。

　　在春节这一传统节日期间，我国的汉族和大多数少数民族都有要举行各种庆祝活动，这些活动大多以祭祀神佛、祭奠祖先、除旧布新、迎禧接福、祈求丰年为主要内容。活动形式丰富多彩，带有浓郁的民族特色。2006年5月20日，“春节”民俗经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

　　1949年9月27日，新中国成立，在中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议上，通过了使用世界上通用的公历纪元，把公历的元月一日定为元旦，俗称阳历年；农历正月初一通常都在立春前后，因而把农历正月初一定为“春节”，俗称阴历年。

　　The Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese New Year, is the beginning of the lunar calendar. It is the most grand, lively, and important ancient traditional festival in China, and is also a unique festival for the Chinese people. It is the most concentrated expression of Chinese civilization. The history of the Spring Festival is very long. It originated from the worship of gods and ancestors at the beginning and end of the year in the Yin and Shang dynasties. According to the Chinese lunar calendar, the first day of the first lunar month was formerly known as Yuanri, Yuanchen, Yuanzheng, Yuanshuo, New Years Day, etc., commonly known as Nian Chuyi. In the Republican era, the Gregorian calendar was adopted, and the first day of the first lunar month was called New Years Day, while the first day of the first lunar month was called Spring Festival.

　　The concepts of Spring Festival and New Year originally came from agriculture. In ancient times, people referred to the growth cycle of grains as "year", Shuowen. Hebu: Year, Gu Shuya: In the Xia and Shang dynasties, the Xia calendar emerged, with the cycle of the moon being round and missing as the moon. A year is divided into twelve months, with the day when the moon is not seen as the new moon. The sub hour of the new moon in the first lunar month is called the beginning of the year, which is also known as the year. The name of the year starts from the Zhou dynasty. Since the Western Han dynasty, the customs of the Spring Festival have continued to this day. The Spring Festival generally refers to New Years Eve and the first day of the first lunar month. However, in folk culture, the traditional meaning of the Spring Festival is It refers to the sacrificial ceremony on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, or the sacrificial stove on the 23rd or 24th day of the twelfth lunar month, all the way to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, with New Years Eve and the first day of the first lunar month as the climax. How to celebrate this festival has formed some relatively fixed customs and habits over thousands of years of historical development, many of which are still passed down to this day.

　　During the traditional Chinese New Year holiday, the Han and most ethnic minorities in China hold various celebration activities, most of which focus on worshipping gods and Buddhas, paying homage to ancestors, demolishing the old and renovating the new, welcoming jubilees and blessings, and praying for a bountiful year. The activities are diverse and have strong ethnic characteristics. On May 20, 2006, the folk customs of the Spring Festival were approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

　　On September 27, 1949, the Peoples Republic of China was established. At the first plenary session of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference, the universal Gregorian calendar era was adopted, and the first day of the first lunar month was designated as New Years Day, commonly known as the Gregorian year; The first day of the first lunar month is usually around the beginning of spring, so the first day of the first lunar month is always referred to as the "Spring Festival", commonly known as the lunar year.

　　二、春节的传说The Legend of Spring Festival

　　有一年，世上大乱。玉帝得知后，降下御旨：要派一位大神去管理人间的衣食住行。可是，没有神仙肯接旨。

　　这时候，南天门外传来一声吆喝：“这差事我干啦!”抬头看时，是光头顶、胖乎乎、笑哈哈的弥勒佛。却说这弥勒佛来到人间，第一件事就是让人们过一个痛快年，吃好的，穿好的，不干活。他还要大家把各路神仙都请到，香箔纸锞，准备齐全。到了初一，家家都要起五更，放鞭炮。

　　这样又过了几天，到了初五，天刚蒙蒙亮，忽然传来一阵吵闹声。吵闹者是姜太公的老婆(专管茅房、粪土的脏神)，正在跟弥勒佛吵架呢。原来，人们请神仙时把她给忘了。弥勒佛只好说：“这样吧!今儿是初五，让人们再为你放几个炮，包一次饺子，破费一次吧!”——这就是“破五”的来历。

　　不想这几声炮响传到天宫，玉帝以为人间又出了什么事，便派财神去察看。财神来到人间一看，到处都是香箔纸锞，高兴得就忘了回去。

　　玉帝等啊等，财神还是没有回来，便亲自到人间察看。他一看，人们啥活都不干，非常生气，召来弥勒佛喝道：“你怎么尽让人们吃好的，穿好的，不干活?”

　　弥勒佛笑嘻嘻地说：“你要我管人们的衣食住行，可并没有叫我让人们干活呀!”玉帝一想，也对，既然已经这么办了，那一年只能有此一次，开春以后就要下地干活。

　　从那以后便留下了旧例，一年有一次春节。

　　One year, there was a great chaos in the world. After learning about it, the Jade Emperor issued an imperial decree: to send a great deity to manage the clothing, food, housing, and transportation of the human world. However, no deity is willing to take orders.

　　At this moment, a shout came from outside the South Heavenly Gate: "Ive done this job!" When I looked up, it was Maitreya Buddha with a bald head, chubby, and laughing face. But it is said that the first thing Maitreya Buddha did when he came to this world was to let people celebrate a happy year, eating well, dressing well, and not working. He also wants everyone to invite all the immortals and prepare them thoroughly. On the first day of junior high school, every family has to wake up at five oclock and set off firecrackers.

　　A few more days passed, and on the fifth day of the lunar new year, just as it was getting dark, a loud noise suddenly came from the sky. The noisy person is Jiang Taigongs wife (the dirty god in charge of thatched houses and manure), who is arguing with Maitreya Buddha. Originally, people forgot about the deity when they invited her. Maitreya Buddha had no choice but to say, "Well, today is the fifth day of the lunar calendar. Let people set off a few more cannons for you, make dumplings once, and spend a lot of money on it!" - This is the origin of "breaking the fifth day".

　　I didnt want these few gunshots to reach the Heavenly Palace. The Jade Emperor thought something was happening in the world again, so he sent the God of Wealth to investigate. When the God of Wealth came to the human world, he saw incense leaf rhymes everywhere, so happy that he forgot to go back.

　　The Jade Emperor waited and waited, but the God of Wealth had not returned yet, so he personally went to the human world to observe. He saw that people didnt do any work and became very angry. He summoned Maitreya Buddha and shouted, "How can you make people eat well, dress well, and not work?"

　　Maitreya Buddha smiled and said, "You asked me to manage peoples clothing, food, housing, and transportation, but you didnt ask me to let them work!" Upon reflection, the Jade Emperor was right. Since I had already done so, I could only do it once a year. After spring, I had to go down to work.

　　Since then, the old practice of having a Spring Festival once a year has been followed.

　　春节传说之一：熬年守岁

　　守岁，就是在旧年的最后一天夜里不睡觉，熬夜迎接新一年到来的习俗，也叫除夕守岁，俗名“熬年”。

　　探究这个习俗的来历，在民间流传着一个有趣的故事：太古时期，有一种凶猛的怪兽，散居在深山密林中，人们管它们叫“年”。它的形貌狰狞，生性凶残，专食飞禽走兽、鳞介虫豸，一天换一种口味，从磕头虫一直吃到大活人，让人谈“年”色变。后来，人们慢慢掌握了“年”的活动规律，它是每隔三百六十五天窜到人群聚居的地方尝一次口鲜，而且出没的时间都是在天黑以后，等到鸡鸣破晓，它们便返回山林中去了。

　　算准了“年”肆虐的日期，百姓们便把这可怕的一夜视为关口来煞，称作“年关”，并且想出了一整套过年关的办法：每到这一天晚上，每家每户都提前做好晚饭，熄火净灶，再把鸡圈牛栏全部拴牢，把宅院的前后门都封住，躲在屋里吃“年夜饭”，由于这顿晚餐具有凶吉未卜的意味，所以置办得很丰盛，除了要全家老小围在一起用餐表示和睦团圆外，还须在吃饭前先供祭祖先，祈求平安地度过这一夜，吃过晚饭后，谁都不敢睡觉，挤坐在一起闲聊壮胆，这就逐渐形成了除夕熬年守岁的习惯。守岁习俗兴起于南北朝，梁朝的不少文人都有守岁的诗文。“一夜连双岁，五更分二年。”人们点起蜡烛或油灯，通宵守夜，象征着把一切邪瘟病疫赶跑驱走，期待着新的一年吉祥如意，这种风俗被人们流传至今。

　　One of the legends of the Spring Festival: staying up until the end of the year to observe the new year

　　Shousui, also known as New Years Eve Shousui, is a custom of staying up late to welcome the arrival of the new year without sleeping on the last night of the old year.

　　Exploring the origin of this custom, there is an interesting story circulating among the people: during the ancient times, there was a fierce monster that scattered in the deep mountains and forests, and people called them "years". It is ferocious in appearance and ferocious in nature. It specializes in eating birds and beasts, scale insects. It changes its taste every day, from kowtowing insects to living people, which makes people turn pale when talking about "Nian". Later on, people gradually mastered the activity pattern of "Nian". It went to crowded places every 365 days to taste fresh food, and appeared after dark. When the roosters crowed, they returned to the mountains and forests.

　　Having accurately calculated the date of the rampage of the New Year, the people regarded this terrible night as a gateway to evil, calling it the "New Years Eve", and came up with a whole set of ways to pass the New Years Eve: on this evening, every household prepares dinner in advance, turns off the fire and cleans the stove, then ties up all the chicken pens and cattle pens, seals the front and back doors of the courtyard, and hides inside to eat the "New Years Eve dinner". Due to the unpredictable meaning of this dinner, So the arrangement was very lavish. In addition to gathering the whole family to have a meal together to show harmony and reunion, it was also necessary to offer sacrifices to ancestors before eating, praying for a safe night. After dinner, no one dared to sleep and sat together chatting to strengthen their courage. This gradually formed the habit of staying up for the New Years Eve. The custom of observing the new year originated in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and many literati in the Liang Dynasty wrote poems and essays about observing the new year. People light candles or oil lamps and stay up all night, symbolizing the drive away of all evil diseases and epidemics, hoping for a good luck in the new year. This custom has been passed down to this day.

　　春节传说之二：万年创建历法说

　　相传，在古时候，有个名叫万年的青年，看到当时节令很乱，就有了想把节令定准的打算。但是苦于找不到计算时间的方法，一天，他上山砍柴累了，坐在树阴下休息，树影的移动启发了他，他设计了一个测日影计天时的晷仪，测定一天的时间，后来，山崖上的滴泉启发了他的灵感，他又动手做了一个五层漏壶，来计算时间。天长日久，他发现每隔三百六十多天，四季就轮回一次，天时的长短就重复一遍。

　　当时的国君叫祖乙，也常为天气风云的不测感到苦恼。万年知道后，就带着日晷和漏壶去见皇上，对祖乙讲清了日月运行的道理。祖乙听后龙颜大悦，感到有道理。于是把万年留下，在天坛前修建日月阁，筑起日晷台和漏壶亭，并希望能测准日月规律，推算出准确的晨夕时间，创建历法，为天下的黎民百姓造福。

　　有一次，祖乙去了解万年测试历法的进展情况。当他登上日月坛时，看见天坛边的石壁上刻着一首诗：

　　日出日落三百六，周而复始从头来。

　　草木枯荣分四时，一岁月有十二圆。

　　知道万年创建历法已成，祖乙亲自登上日月阁看望万年。万年指着天象，对祖乙说：“现在正是十二个月满，旧岁已完，新春复始，祈请国君定个节吧”。祖乙说：“春为岁首，就叫春节吧”。据说这就是春节的来历。冬去春来，年复一年，万年经过长期观察，精心推算，制定出了准确的太阳历，当他把太阳历呈奉给继任的国君时，已是满面银须。国君深为感动，为纪念万年的功绩，便将太阳历命名为“万年历”，封万年为日月寿星。以后，人们在过年时挂上寿星图，据说就是为了纪念德高望重的万年。

　　Legend of the Spring Festival II: The Theory of Creating a Calendar for Ten Thousand Years

　　According to legend, in ancient times, there was a young man named Wan Nian who saw that the festivals were very chaotic at that time, so he had a plan to set the festivals accurately. But struggling to find a way to calculate the time, one day he was tired from chopping firewood on the mountain and sitting in the shade of a tree to rest. The movement of the tree shadow inspired him, and he designed a sundial to measure the time of the day. Later, the dripping spring on the cliff inspired him, and he also made a five layer leaky pot to calculate the time. Over time, he discovered that every 360 or so days, the four seasons cycle and the duration of the day repeats itself.

　　At that time, the rulers name was Zuyi, and he often felt distressed by the unpredictable weather. After learning about it for thousands of years, he brought a sundial and a teapot to the emperor and explained to Zu Yi the principles of the movement of the sun and moon. Upon hearing this, Zu Yi was greatly pleased with Long Yan and felt that it made sense. So he left behind for thousands of years, built the Sun and Moon Pavilion in front of the Temple of Heaven, built a sundial platform and a leaking teapot pavilion, and hoped to accurately measure the laws of the sun and moon, calculate the accurate morning and evening time, create a calendar, and benefit the people of the world.

　　Once, Zuyi went to learn about the progress of the Ten Thousand Year Test Calendar. When he climbed onto the Sun and Moon Altar, he saw a poem engraved on the stone wall next to the Temple of Heaven:

　　The sun rises and sets in a cycle of 36, starting from scratch.

　　Plants wither and flourish in four seasons, and one year has twelve circles.

　　Knowing that the calendar has been established for ten thousand years, Zu Yi personally climbed up to the Sun Moon Pavilion to visit ten thousand years. Wan Nian pointed to the celestial phenomena and said to Zu Yi, "Now it is twelve months old, the old year is over, and the new year is beginning again. I pray to the ruler to set a festival.". Zu Yi said, "Spring is the beginning of the year, lets call it Spring Festival.". It is said that this is the origin of the Spring Festival. Winter has passed and spring has arrived, year after year. Through long-term observation and careful calculation, an accurate solar calendar has been formulated. When he presented the solar calendar to his successor, it was already covered in silver whiskers. The monarch was deeply moved and named the solar calendar "Eternal Calendar" to commemorate the achievements of ten thousand years, and conferred the title of "Sun, Moon, and Longevity Star" on ten thousand years. In the future, people will hang longevity charts during the Chinese New Year, which are said to be in memory of the esteemed 10000 years.

　　春节传说之三：贴春联和门神

　　据说贴春联的习俗，大约始于一千多年前的后蜀时期，这是有史为证的。此外根据《玉烛宝典》，《燕京岁时记》等著作记载，春联的原始形式就是人们所说的“桃符”。

　　在中国古代神话中，相传有一个鬼域的世界，当中有座山，山上有一棵覆盖三千里的大桃树，树梢上有一只金鸡。每当清晨金鸡长鸣的时候，夜晚出去游荡的鬼魂必赶回鬼域。鬼域的大门坐落在桃树的东北，门边站着两个神人，名叫神荼、郁垒。如果鬼魂在夜间干了伤天害理的事情，神荼、郁垒就会立即发现并将它捉住，用芒苇做的绳子把它捆起来，送去喂虎。因而天下的鬼都畏惧神荼、郁垒。于是民间就用桃木刻成他们的模样，放在自家门口，以避邪防害。后来，人们干脆在桃木板上刻上神荼、郁垒的名字，认为这样做同样可以镇邪去恶。这种桃木板后来就被叫做“桃符”。

　　到了宋代，人们便开始在桃木板上写对联，一则不失桃木镇邪的意义，二则表达自己美好心愿，三则装饰门户，以求美观。又在象征喜气吉祥的红纸上写对联，新春之际贴在门窗两边，用以表达人们祈求来年福运的美好心愿。

　　Legend of the Spring Festival: Posting Spring Festival couplets and door gods

　　It is said that the custom of pasting Spring Festival couplets began about a thousand years ago during the Later Shu period, as evidenced by history. In addition, according to works such as "Yuzhu Baodian" and "Yanjing Suishi Ji", the original form of Spring Festival couplets is what people call "Taofu".

　　In ancient Chinese mythology, it is said that there was a world of ghosts, in which there was a mountain with a large peach tree covering three thousand miles and a golden rooster at the top. Whenever the golden rooster crows in the morning, the ghosts that wander out at night will rush back to the ghost realm. The gate of the Ghost Realm is located in the northeast of the peach tree, with two divine figures standing by the door, named Shentu and Yulei. If a ghost does something heinous at night, Shen Tu and Yu Lei will immediately notice and catch it, tie it up with a rope made of reeds, and send it to feed the tiger. Therefore, all ghosts in the world fear Shentu and Yulei. So the people used peach wood to carve their appearance and placed it at their doorstep to ward off evil and prevent harm. Later, people simply carved the names of Shentu and Yulei on peach wood boards, believing that doing so could also suppress evil and eliminate evil. This type of peach board was later called "peach talisman".

　　In the Song Dynasty, people began to write couplets on peach wood boards. Firstly, they did not lose the significance of peach wood to ward off evil, secondly, they expressed their beautiful wishes, and thirdly, they decorated the doors for aesthetics. Write couplets on red paper symbolizing good luck and good luck, and stick them on both sides of doors and windows during the Chinese New Year to express peoples beautiful wishes for good luck in the coming year.

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　　春节民间习俗

　　（一）民俗类别Folk categories

　　传统节日仪式与习俗活动，是节日元素的重要内容，承载着丰富多彩的节日文化底蕴。岁节`（年节）是中国一个古老的节日，也是全年最重要的一个节日，在历史发展中，杂糅了多地多种民俗为一体，形成了一些较为固定的风俗习惯，有许多还相传至今。这些活动，可大体归纳为如下几个方面：奉祀神灵，以应天时；崇宗敬祖，维护亲情；驱邪祛恶，以求平安；休闲娱乐，放松心情。百节年为首，春节是中华民族最隆重的传统佳节，它不仅集中体现了中华民族的思想信仰、理想愿望、生活娱乐和文化心理，而且还是祈福攘灾、饮食和娱乐活动的狂欢式展示。

　　在春节期间，全国各地均有举行各种贺岁活动，各地因地域文化不同而又存在着习俗内容或细节上的差异，带有浓郁的各地域特色。春节期间的庆祝活动极为丰富多样，有舞狮、飘色、舞龙、游神、庙会、逛花街、赏花灯、游锣鼓、游标旗、烧烟花、祈福、掼春，也有踩高跷、跑旱船、扭秧歌等等。春节期间贴年红、守岁、吃团年饭、拜年等各地皆有之，但因风土人情的不同，细微处又各有其特色。春节民俗形式多样、内容丰富，是中华民族的生活文化精粹的集中展示。春节各种民俗仪式中经常看到祭神的内容。

　　春节是除旧布新的日子，春节虽定在农历正月初一，但春节的活动却并不止于正月初一这天。从年尾小年起，人们便开始“忙年”：祭灶、扫尘、购置年货、贴年红、洗头沐浴、张灯结彩等等，所有这些活动，有一个共同的主题，即“辞旧迎新”。春节是个欢乐祥和、合家团圆的节日，也是人们抒发对幸福和自由向往的狂欢节和永远的精神支柱。春节也是敦亲祀祖、祭祝祈年的日子。祭祀是一种信仰活动，是人类在远古生存活动而创造出来的期望与天地自然和谐共生的信仰活动。

　　Traditional festival rituals and customs are important elements of festivals, carrying a rich and colorful cultural heritage. New Years Day is an ancient Chinese festival and the most important festival of the year. In the development of history, it has mixed various folk customs from various regions and formed some relatively fixed customs, many of which are still passed down to this day. These activities can be broadly summarized into the following aspects: worshipping gods to respond to the times; Respecting ancestors and upholding family ties; Drive away evil and seek peace; Leisure and entertainment, relaxing the mood. Starting with a hundred festivals, the Spring Festival is the most solemn traditional festival of the Chinese nation. It not only embodies the ideological beliefs, ideal wishes, life entertainment, and cultural psychology of the Chinese nation, but also serves as a carnival display for praying for blessings, fighting disasters, eating, and entertainment activities.

　　During the Spring Festival, various New Year celebrations are held throughout the country. Due to regional cultural differences, there are differences in customs and details, which have strong regional characteristics. The celebration activities during the Spring Festival are extremely rich and diverse, including lion dance, floating colors, dragon dance, wandering gods, temple fairs, flower streets, flower lanterns, playing gongs and drums, cursor flags, fireworks, praying for blessings, and playing spring. There are also activities such as walking on stilts, running dry boats, and dancing yangko. During the Spring Festival, there are various local customs such as posting New Years greetings, observing the New Year, eating reunion meals, and paying New Years greetings. However, due to different customs and traditions, each has its own unique features in every detail. The Spring Festival folk customs have diverse forms and rich content, which is a concentrated display of the essence of the Chinese nations life and culture. In various folk rituals during the Spring Festival, we often see the content of worshipping gods.

　　The Spring Festival is a day of getting rid of the old and replacing the new. Although it is scheduled on the first day of the first lunar month, the activities of the Spring Festival are not limited to that day. Since the end of the Chinese New Year, people have been busy with activities such as offering sacrifices to stoves, sweeping dust, purchasing New Years goods, sticking New Years red envelopes, washing hair and bathing, and decorating lanterns and decorations. All of these activities have a common theme, which is "bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new". The Spring Festival is a joyful, peaceful, and family reunion festival, as well as a carnival for people to express their longing for happiness and freedom, and an eternal spiritual pillar. The Spring Festival is also a day for worshipping ancestors and praying for the new year. Sacrifice is a belief activity created by human beings in ancient times, hoping to coexist harmoniously with nature.

　　游老爷Master You

　　春节更是民众娱乐狂欢的节日。元日子时交年时刻，鞭炮齐响、烟花满天，辞旧岁、迎新年等各种庆贺新春活动达于高潮。年初一早上各家焚香致礼，敬天地、祭列祖，然后依次给尊长拜年，继而同族亲友互致祝贺。元日以后，各种丰富多彩的娱乐活动竞相开展，为新春佳节增添了浓郁的喜庆气氛。节日的热烈气氛不仅洋溢在各家各户，也充满各地的大街小巷。这期间花灯满城，游人满街，热闹非凡，盛况空前，直要闹到正月十五元宵节过后，春节才算真正结束。因此，集祈年、庆贺、娱乐为一体的盛典春节成了中华民族最隆重的佳节。春节反映了自然时空的新旧交换，具有除旧布新、祈福纳祥、感念先恩、阖家团圆的美好寓意。

　　The Spring Festival is also a festival for people to entertain and celebrate. On the occasion of the New Year, firecrackers were set off and fireworks filled the sky. Various celebrations such as bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new year reached their climax. On the morning of the first day of the Lunar New Year, each family burns incense to pay tribute to heaven and earth, and sacrifices to ancestors. Then, they pay New Years greetings to their elders in turn, and then exchange congratulations with their relatives and friends of the same clan. After the New Year, various rich and colorful entertainment activities are being carried out, adding a strong festive atmosphere to the Chinese New Year holiday. The warm atmosphere of the festival not only permeates every household, but also fills the streets and alleys of various places. During this period, the city was full of lanterns and the streets were full of tourists, which was very lively and unprecedented. The Spring Festival was not really over until after the Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) Festival on the 15th day of the first month. Therefore, the Spring Festival, which integrates praying for the new year, celebrating, and entertainment, has become the most solemn festival of the Chinese nation. The Spring Festival reflects the exchange of old and new in natural time and space, with a beautiful meaning of eliminating the old and bringing new things, praying for blessings and receiving good fortune, expressing gratitude for previous kindness, and family reunion.

　　（二）传统习俗traditional custom

　　●买年货Buy New Years goods

　　中国的年俗文化源远流长，全国各地衍生出纷繁多样的过年习俗，南北迥异，各具特色。虽然各地习俗不尽相同，但是备年货、送年礼却是几乎全国上下的“过年必备”。置办年货，包括吃的、穿的、戴的、用的、贴的（年红）、送的（拜年）礼物等等，统名曰之“年货”，而把采购年货的过程称之为“办年货”。办年货是中国人过春节的一项重要活动。

　　民间谚语称“腊月二十六 ，割年肉”，说的是这一天主要筹备过年的肉食。将“割年肉”放入年谣，是因为农耕社会经济不发达，人们只有在一年一度的年节中才能吃到肉，故此称为“年肉”。

　　Chinas traditional Chinese New Year culture has a long and rich history, and a variety of Chinese New Year customs have emerged throughout the country, with distinct characteristics in the north and south. Although customs vary in different regions, preparing New Years goods and giving New Years gifts are almost a must-have throughout the country. The process of purchasing New Years goods, including food, clothing, wearing, using, pasting (New Years red), giving (New Years greetings) gifts, etc., is collectively referred to as "New Years goods", and the process of purchasing New Years goods is called "processing New Years goods". Selling New Years goods is an important activity for Chinese people during the Spring Festival.

　　The folk proverb goes "On the 26th day of the twelfth lunar month, cut the meat of the New Year", which means that on this day, the main preparation is for meat for the Chinese New Year. The reason why "cutting New Years meat" is included in the New Years rhyme is because the agricultural society and economy are not developed, and people can only eat meat during the annual festival, so it is called "New Years meat".

　　●祭灶Sacrificial stove

　　民间祭灶，源于古人拜火习俗。如《释名》中说：“灶。造也，创食物也。”灶神的职责就是执掌灶火，管理饮食，后来扩大为考察人间善恶，以降福祸。祭灶在中国民间有几千年历史了，灶神信仰是中国百姓对“衣食有余”梦想追求的反映。The folk worship of the stove originated from the ancient custom of worshipping fire. As stated in "Shi Ming": "Stove. Create, create food." The responsibility of the Kitchen God is to control the stove, manage food, and later expand it to examine the good and evil of humanity, in order to bring good and evil. The worship of the Kitchen God has a history of thousands of years in Chinese folk culture, and it reflects the Chinese peoples pursuit of the dream of having more than enough food and clothing.

　　●扫尘Sweeping dust

　　在民间，新年前夕有“腊月二十四，扫尘（亦称扫屋）的习俗。民谚称“二十四，扫房子”。民间称做“扫尘日”。扫尘就是年终大扫除，家家户户都要打扫环境，清洗各种器具，拆洗被褥窗帘，洒扫六闾庭院，掸拂尘垢蛛网，疏浚明渠暗沟。到处洋溢着欢欢喜喜搞卫生、干干净净迎新春的欢乐气氛。按民间的说法：因“尘”与“陈”谐音，年前扫尘有“除陈布新”的涵义。扫尘用意是要把一切穷运、晦气统统扫出门，以祈来年清吉。In folk culture, there is a custom of sweeping the house on the eve of the New Year on the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month. The folk saying goes, "Sweep the house on the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month.". Commonly known as "Sweeping Dust Day". Sweeping dust is a year-end cleaning, where every household has to clean the environment, clean various utensils, dismantle and wash bedding and curtains, sweep the courtyard of Liulu, brush off dust and dirt, and dredge open channels and hidden ditches. Everywhere is filled with a joyful atmosphere of cleaning and welcoming the Chinese New Year with cleanliness. According to folk belief, because "dust" sounds like "Chen", sweeping the dust before the New Year has the meaning of "removing the old and replacing the new". The purpose of sweeping away dust is to sweep away all the misfortunes and misfortunes, in order to pray for a clear and auspicious year ahead.

　　●贴年红（挥春）Sticking New Years Red (Swinging Spring)

　　年廿八、廿九或三十日家家户户“贴年红”（年红是春联、门神、年画、福字、横批、窗花等的统称，因这些是过年时贴的红色喜庆元素，所以统称为“年红”）。贴年红是中华传统过年习俗，它反映了人民大众的风俗和信仰，增添喜庆的节日气氛，并寄予着人们对新年新生活的美好期盼。

　　⑴贴春联：根据《玉烛宝典》、《燕京岁时记》等文学作品记载，春联的原始形式就是人们所说的“桃符”。春联的另一来源是春贴，古人在立春日多贴“宜春”二字，后渐渐发展为春联。贴春联也叫贴门对、春贴、对联、对子、桃符等，它以工整、对偶、简洁、精巧的文字描绘时代背景，抒发美好愿望，是中国特有的文学形式。每逢春节，无论城市还是农村，家家户户都要精选一幅大红春联贴于门上，为节日增加喜庆气氛。

　　⑵贴年画：春节挂贴年画在城乡也很普遍，浓墨重彩的年画给千家万户平添了许多兴旺欢乐的喜庆气氛。年画是中国的一种古老的民间艺术，反映了人民朴素的风俗和信仰，寄托着他们对未来的希望。随着木板印刷术的兴起，年画的内容已不仅限于门神之类单调的主题，变得丰富多彩。

　　⑶窗花与“福”字：在民间人们还喜欢在窗户上贴上各种剪纸——窗花。窗花不仅烘托了喜庆的节日气氛，也集装饰性、欣赏性和实用性于一体。同时，一些人家要在屋门上、墙壁上、门楣上贴上大大小小的“福”字。民间还有将“福”字精描细做成各种图案的，图案有寿星、寿桃、鲤鱼跳龙门、五谷丰登、龙凤呈祥等。

　　On the 28th, 29th, or 30th day of the Lunar New Year, every household will paste "New Years Red" ("New Years Red" refers to the collective term for Spring Festival couplets, door gods, New Year paintings, auspicious characters, horizontal scrolls, window decorations, etc., which are red festive elements pasted during the Chinese New Year, so they are collectively referred to as "New Years Red"). Tie Nian Hong is a traditional Chinese New Year custom, which reflects the customs and beliefs of the people, adds a festive atmosphere, and sends peoples beautiful expectations for the new year and new life.

　　(1) Posting Spring Festival couplets: According to literary works such as "Jade Candle Treasure Encyclopedia" and "Yanjing Suishi Ji", the original form of Spring Festival couplets is what people call "peach symbols". Another source of spring couplets is spring couplets. In ancient times, the word "Yichun" was often pasted on the day of the beginning of spring, which gradually developed into spring couplets. Posting Spring Festival couplets, also known as door couplets, spring couplets, couplets, couplets, and peach symbols, is a unique literary form in China that depicts the historical background with neat, dual, concise, and exquisite writing, expressing beautiful wishes. Every Spring Festival, whether in urban or rural areas, every household should carefully select a large red Spring Festival couplet to stick on their doors, adding a festive atmosphere to the festival.

　　⑵ Posting New Year paintings: It is also common to hang New Year paintings during the Spring Festival in urban and rural areas. The colorful New Year paintings add a lot of prosperity and joy to thousands of households. New Year paintings are an ancient folk art in China, reflecting the simple customs and beliefs of the people, and expressing their hope for the future. With the rise of woodblock printing, the content of New Year paintings is no longer limited to monotonous themes such as door gods, but has become rich and colorful.

　　⑶ Window decorations and the word "Fu": in the folk people also like to stick various Paper Cuttings on the windows - window decorations. Window decorations not only enhance the festive atmosphere, but also integrate decoration, appreciation, and practicality. At the same time, some families need to paste the words "fu" of all sizes on the door, wall, and lintel. There are also folk designs that finely depict the character "fu" into various patterns, including longevity stars, longevity peaches, carp jumping over the dragon gate, abundant grains, and auspicious dragons and phoenixes.

　　●年夜饭New Years Eve dinner

　　年夜饭，又称年晚饭、团年饭等，特指岁末除夕的阖家聚餐。年夜饭源于古代的年终祭祀仪，拜祭神灵与祖先后团圆聚餐。年夜饭是年前的重头戏，不但丰富多彩，而且很讲究意头。吃团年饭前先拜神祭祖，待拜祭仪式完毕后才开饭。席上一般有鸡（寓意有计）、鱼（寓意年年有余）、蚝豉（寓意好市）、发菜（寓意发财）、腐竹（寓意富足）、莲藕（寓意聪明）、生菜（寓意生财）、腊肠（寓意长久）等以求吉利。中国人的年夜饭是家人的团圆聚餐，这顿是年尾最丰盛、最重要的一顿晚餐。

　　年夜饭的名堂很多，南北各地不同，而且各有讲究。北方人过年习惯吃饺子，这是古时候流传下来的习惯。由于地理气候方面原因，春节期间北方还处于万物闭藏的寒冬，冬天的北方地区白茫茫一片，冰天雪地，基本上没办法种植作物，资源匮乏，可选用的食材不多。而南方地区，尤其是沿海一些地方，基本上四季绿意盎然，南方冬季在蔬果等食材上占有极大的优势，所以在饮食的选择上具有更多的选择性；在地利方面，又得益于水资源充沛分布广所以各类渔获充足食材多样；所以在一些重要的节日上，南方的饮食会丰富多样一些。

　　New Years Eve dinner, also known as New Years dinner and reunion dinner, refers to the family dinner at the end of the year and New Years Eve. The New Years Eve dinner originated from the ancient year-end ritual, where gods and ancestors were worshipped and reunited for a meal. The New Years Eve dinner is the highlight of the New Years Eve, not only rich and colorful, but also very thoughtful. Before eating the Chinese New Year meal, pay homage to the gods and ancestors, and only serve after the worship ceremony is completed. Generally, there are chicken (meaning there is a plan), fish (meaning there is more than one year), oyster sauce (meaning good market), hair dish (meaning rich), Rolls of dried bean milk creams (meaning rich), lotus root (meaning smart), lettuce (meaning rich), sausage (meaning long), etc. on the table for luck. The Chinese New Years Eve dinner is a family reunion dinner, and it is the most sumptuous and important dinner at the end of the year.

　　There are many famous places for the New Years Eve dinner, different from the north and south, and each has its own unique style. Northerners have a tradition of eating dumplings during the Chinese New Year, which has been passed down from ancient times. Due to geographical and climatic reasons, during the Spring Festival, the northern region is still in a cold winter with all things hidden away. In winter, the northern region is covered in a vast expanse of white, with ice and snow, and it is basically impossible to plant crops. Resources are scarce, and there are not many available ingredients to choose from. In the southern region, especially along the coast, there is generally abundant greenery throughout the year. In winter, the southern region has a great advantage in vegetables and fruits, so it has more choices in food choices; In terms of geographical advantage, it also benefits from abundant water resources and wide distribution, which leads to abundant fishing and diverse food ingredients; So on some important festivals, the cuisine in the south will be more diverse and diverse.

　　●守岁Shousui

　　除夕守岁是年俗活动之一，守岁之俗由来已久。守岁的民俗主要表现为所有房子都点燃岁火，合家欢聚，并守“岁火”不让熄灭，等着辞旧迎新的时刻，迎接新岁到来。除夕夜灯火通宵不灭，曰“燃灯照岁”或“点岁火”，所有房子都点上灯烛，还要专门在床底点灯烛，遍燃灯烛，谓之“照虚耗”，据说如此照过之后，就会使来年家中财富充实。Watching the New Years Eve is one of the traditional activities, and the custom of watching the New Year has a long history. The folk custom of staying up for the new year is mainly manifested in all houses lighting up the fire, families gathering together, and keeping the fire burning, waiting for the moment of bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new year. On New Years Eve, the lights remain lit all night, known as "lighting the New Years Eve" or "lighting the New Years Eve fire". All houses are lit with candles, and special candles are also lit under the bed. Burning the candles repeatedly is called "lighting up waste". It is said that after being illuminated in this way, it will enrich the wealth of the family in the coming year.

　　●压岁钱New Years money

　　压岁钱，年俗之一，年晚饭后长辈要将事先准备好的压岁钱派发给晚辈，据说压岁钱可以压住邪祟，晚辈得到压岁钱就可以平平安安度过一岁。压岁钱在民俗文化中寓意辟邪驱鬼，保佑平安。压岁钱最初的用意是镇恶驱邪。因为人们认为小孩容易受鬼祟的侵害，所以用压岁钱压祟驱邪。

　　在历史上，压岁钱是分多种的，一般在新年倒计时时由长辈派发给晚辈，表示压祟，包含着长辈对晚辈的关切之情和真切祝福；另一种就是晚辈给老人的，这个压岁钱的“岁”指的是年岁，意在期盼老人长寿。可追溯的最早压岁钱文字记载在汉代，又叫压胜钱，并不在市面上流通，而是铸成钱币形式的玩赏物，有避邪的功能。

　　New Years money, one of the customs of the Chinese New Year, is distributed by elders to younger generations after dinner. It is said that New Years money can suppress evil spirits, and younger generations can spend a year peacefully by receiving New Years money. New Years money symbolizes warding off evil spirits and warding off ghosts, and blessing peace in folk culture. The original purpose of New Years money was to suppress evil and drive away evil spirits. Because people believe that children are susceptible to sneaky attacks, they use lucky money to suppress and ward off evil spirits.

　　In history, New Years money has been divided into various types. Generally, during the countdown to the New Year, it is distributed by elders to younger generations to express their gratitude and genuine blessings; Another type is the money given by younger generations to the elderly, and the "year" of this lucky money refers to years, hoping for the elderly to live a long life. The earliest written record of Chinese New Year coins can be traced back to the Han Dynasty, also known as Chinese New Year coins. They were not circulated in the market, but were minted into coins as a form of entertainment, with the function of warding off evil spirits.

　　●游神Wandering God

　　游神，是传统贺岁习俗之一。游神，又称圣驾巡游、游老爷、营老爷、游菩萨、游神赛会、年例、迎神、迎年、游春、行香、菩萨行乡、抬神像、神像出巡等等，是指人们在新年期间或其它喜庆节日里，又或诸神圣诞的'这一天，到神庙里将行身神像请进神轿里，然后抬出庙宇游境，接受民众的香火膜拜，寓意神明降落民间，巡视乡里，保佑合境平安。主旨是酬神、消灾、祈福等。游神沿途伴随有锣鼓、唢呐、神偶、舞狮、舞龙、飘色、标旗、游灯、八音、杂技及乐队演奏等丰富多彩艺阵表演。是集拜神、祈祷、欢庆、宴客为一体的传统民俗活动。

　　游神在潮汕地区又称为“游神赛会”、“营老爷”，是潮汕地区的传统民间民俗活动；每年春节期间，按时间顺序，各村镇轮流举行民间游神活动，场面热闹非凡。在粤西地区又称为“游老爷”、“游菩萨”，或称“年例”；所谓年例，即“溯古例今、年年有例”。在北流一带亦是称为“年例”。在珠三角地区又称为“菩萨行乡”，众人抬神像巡游，绕村一周，接受祈福。在福州又称为“迎神”，农历的正月初三至十五，便是游神的时间，成为乡村“做年”的重要活动之一；游神常以村为单位，有时数村联合，在锣鼓和鞭炮声中结队巡游村境，百姓夹道观看、迎接，场面热烈。

　　The wandering god is one of the traditional New Year customs. The wandering deity, also known as the Holy Driving Parade, Lord You, Lord Ying, Bodhisattva You, God You Competition, Annals, Welcoming the Gods, Welcoming the New Year, Spring Festival, Incense, Bodhisattvas Hometown, Carrying Gods, and Statues on a Tour, refers to people bringing walking deities into the divine sedan chair at the temple during the New Year or other festive festivals, or on the day of the gods Christmas, and then carrying them out of the temple to receive incense and worship from the people, symbolizing the landing of gods among the people, Patrol the village and bless the peace of the border. The main theme is to reward the gods, dispel disasters, pray for blessings, etc. Along the way, the wandering gods are accompanied by colorful performances such as gongs and drums, suona, divine dolls, lion dances, dragon dances, fluttering colors, flags, lanterns, eight notes, acrobatics, and band performances. It is a traditional folk activity that integrates worshipping gods, praying, celebrating, and entertaining guests.

　　Youshen, also known as "Youshen Competition" or "Yinglaoye" in the Chaoshan area, is a traditional folk activity in the Chaoshan area; During the Spring Festival every year, in chronological order, each village and town takes turns to hold folk god activities, and the scene is lively and extraordinary. In the western region of Guangdong, it is also known as "You Laoye", "You Bodhisattva", or "Nian Li"; The so-called chronological order refers to the practice of tracing back to the past and present, with annual orders. In the Beiliu area, it is also known as the "annual calendar". In the Pearl River Delta region, also known as the "Bodhisattva Traveling Village," people carry deities and parade around the village to receive blessings. In Fuzhou, also known as "welcoming the gods", the third to fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the time to visit the gods, which has become one of the important activities for rural New Year celebrations; The wandering gods often take villages as a unit, and sometimes several villages join forces to patrol the village with the sound of gongs, drums, and firecrackers. The people watch and welcome them along the way, creating a lively scene.

　　●拜岁New Years greetings

　　拜岁，年俗活动之一。在岁首早上迎新岁，拜祭“岁神”。“岁”又名为“摄提”、“太岁”，上古纪元星名。太岁也是民间信仰的神灵。岁以六十甲子的干支纪年法为运转周期，共六十位，每年有一位岁神当值，在当年当值的太岁谓之“值年太岁”，是一岁之主宰，掌管当年人间的吉凶祸福。如《三命通会》中所讲：“夫太岁者，乃一岁之主宰，诸神之领袖”。拜岁是历史最悠久的过年传统风俗，这古俗如今在广东，尤其在吴川一带仍盛行。在新年初一辞旧迎新之际，迎新岁、拜祭岁神、接福。Worshiping the New Year is one of the traditional Chinese New Year activities. On the morning of the beginning of the year, we welcome the new year and pay homage to the "God of the Year". "Sui", also known as "Sheti" or "Taisui", is an ancient era star name. Tai Sui is also a deity in folk beliefs. The annual cycle is based on the 60 year old system of the stem and branch chronology, with a total of 60 people. Each year, there is a year old deity on duty, and the Tai Sui who is on duty that year is called the "Value Year Tai Sui". He is the ruler of the year and is in charge of the good and bad fortune of the human world that year. As stated in the "Sanming Tonghui": "The Fu Taisui is the ruler of one year and the leader of the gods.". Worshiping the New Year is the oldest traditional Chinese New Year custom in history, which is still prevalent in Guangdong, especially in the Wuchuan area. On the occasion of bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new on the first day of the New Year, we welcome the new year, offer sacrifices to the God of the Year, and receive blessings.

　　●庙会Temple fairs

　　逛庙会是春节期间的民俗活动之一。广府庙会与北京地坛庙会并称中国两大庙会。涵盖木偶荟萃、中华绝活、武林大会、元宵灯会等主题活动，包含了祈福文化、民俗文化、美食文化、商贸休闲文化等丰富的内容。Visiting temple fairs is one of the folk activities during the Spring Festival. Guangfu Temple Fair and Beijing Ditan Temple Fair are both known as the two major temple fairs in China. It covers theme activities such as Puppet Gathering, Chinese Unique Skills, Wulin Convention, Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) Lantern Festival, etc., and contains rich contents such as blessing culture, folk culture, food culture, trade and leisure culture.

　　●拜年New Years greetings

　　春节期间走访拜年是年节传统习俗之一，是人们辞旧迎新、相互表达美好祝愿的一种方式。初二、三就开始走亲戚看朋友，相互拜年，道贺祝福，说些恭贺新喜、恭喜发财、恭喜、新年好等话。拜年的意义所在是亲朋好友之间走访联络感情、互贺新年，表达对亲朋间的情怀以及对新一年生活的美好祝福。随着时代的发展，拜年的习俗亦不断增添新的内容和形式。

　　Visiting and paying respects during the Spring Festival is one of the traditional customs of the festival, which is a way for people to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, and express good wishes to each other. Starting from the second and third day of junior high school, we start visiting relatives and friends, paying New Year greetings to each other, wishing each other good luck, and saying things such as congratulations on the new year, wealth, happiness, and a happy new year. The significance of New Years greetings is to visit and connect with family and friends, congratulate each other on the New Year, express feelings for family and friends, and offer good wishes for the new years life. With the development of the times, the custom of paying New Years greetings has also continuously added new content and forms.

　　●烧炮竹Burning firecrackers

　　中国民间有“开门炮仗”一说。即在新的一年到来之际，家家户户开门的第一件事就是烧炮竹，以哔哔叭叭的爆竹声除旧迎新。炮竹是中国特产，亦称“爆仗”、“爆竹”、“炮仗”、“鞭炮”。其起源很早，关于爆竹的演变过程，《通俗编排优》记载道：“古时爆竹。皆以真竹着火爆之，故唐人诗亦称爆竿。后人卷纸为之。称曰“爆竹”。

　　炮竹的原始目的是迎神与驱邪。后来以其强烈的喜庆色彩发展为辞旧迎新的象征符号。烧炮竹可以创造出喜庆热闹的气氛，是节日的一种娱乐活动，可以给人们带来欢愉和吉利。

　　There is a saying among the Chinese people that "open the door and engage in artillery battles". On the occasion of the new year, the first thing every household does when they open their doors is to set fire to firecrackers, using the beeping sound of firecrackers to dispel the old and welcome the new. Firecrackers are a Chinese specialty, also known as "explosive firecrackers", "firecrackers", "firecrackers", and "firecrackers". Its origin dates back a long time. Regarding the evolution process of firecrackers, "Popular Arrangement Excellence" records: "In ancient times, firecrackers were all made of real bamboo that caught fire and exploded, so Tang poetry is also known as explosive rods. Later generations rolled paper and called them" firecrackers ".".

　　The original purpose of firecrackers was to welcome gods and ward off evil spirits. Later, its strong festive color developed into a symbolic symbol for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new. Burning firecrackers can create a festive and lively atmosphere, and is a form of entertainment during festivals that can bring joy and good luck to people.

　　●生旺火Generate a strong fire

　　新年正月十五元宵，在院子里点燃火把，火堆，民间称为“生旺火”、或“点发宝柴”。现代民间生旺火常常是点燃禾杆堆或炮纸堆，火势越旺越好，象征燎去旧灾晦，迎来新气象。On the 15th day of the first lunar month of the New Year, Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) Festival, people light torches in the yard. The fire is called "Sheng Wang Huo" or "Dian Fa Bao Chai". In modern folk culture, a lively fire is often ignited by a pile of straw or cannon paper. The stronger the fire, the better, symbolizing the elimination of old disasters and the ushering in a new atmosphere.

　　（三）节期活动Festival activities

　　忙年（小年）Busy Year (Small Year)

　　年尾十二月廿三或廿四开始忙年，又称“小年”。小年并非专指一个日子，由于各地风俗不同，被称为“小年”的日子也不尽相同。在清朝之前，民间传统的小年祭灶日是十二月廿四，从清朝中后期开始，帝王家就于十二月廿三举行祭天大典，为了“节省开支”，顺便把灶王爷也给拜了，上行下效，北方地区民间百姓相效仿，多在十二月廿三过小年；南方大部分地区，仍然保持着十二月廿四过小年的传统。小年是整个春节庆祝活动的开始和伏笔，其主要活动有两项：扫尘和祭灶。

　　传统习俗：祭灶、蒸花馍、买年红、吃灶糖、扫尘。

　　On the twenty third or twenty fourth day of the twelfth lunar month at the end of the year, a busy year begins, also known as "Xiao Nian". Xiaonian does not refer to a specific day, and due to different customs in different regions, the days known as "Xiaonian" are also different. Before the Qing Dynasty, the traditional folk festival for worshipping the Kitchen God was on the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month. Starting from the mid to late Qing Dynasty, the imperial family held a grand festival on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month. In order to save expenses, they also paid homage to the Kitchen God, following the example of the people in the northern regions, often celebrating the Chinese New Year on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month; In most southern regions, the tradition of celebrating the Chinese New Year on December 24th is still maintained. Xiaonian is the beginning and foreshadowing of the entire Spring Festival celebration, with two main activities: sweeping the dust and offering sacrifices to the stove.

　　Traditional customs: offering sacrifices to the stove, steaming steamed buns, buying New Years red wine, eating stove candy, and sweeping away dust.

　　年廿八Year 28

　　年廿八除旧布新，清除旧的年红，有的地方年廿八开始贴年红。广东有一句俗语“年廿八，洗邋遢”，意思是说在农历十二月廿八日这一天全家人要留在家里打扫卫生，贴年红，迎接新年。北方一些地方有年谣云：“腊月二十八，打糕蒸馍贴花花”或“二十八，把面发”。所谓贴花花，就是张贴年画、春联、窗花和各种春节张贴之物。

　　On the twenty eighth day of the year, old red envelopes are removed and replaced with new ones. In some places, red envelopes are pasted starting from the twenty eighth day of the year. There is a common saying in Guangdong that goes, "On the twenty eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, wash up the mess." It means that on this day, the whole family should stay at home to clean up, paste New Years red, and welcome the New Year. In some places in the north, there is a new saying: "On the 28th day of the twelfth lunar month, rice cake making steamed buns are pasted with flowers" or "On the 28th day, noodles are sent". The so-called flower pasting refers to posting New Year paintings, Spring Festival couplets, window decorations, and various items posted during the Spring Festival.

　　除夕New Years Eve

　　除夕，为岁末的最后一天夜晚。岁末的最后一天称为“岁除”，意为旧岁至此而除，另换新岁。除，即去除之意；夕，指夜晚。除夕是除旧布新、阖家团圆、祭祀祖先的日子。除夕，在国人心中是具有特殊意义的，这个年尾最重要的日子，漂泊再远的游子也是要赶着回家去和家人团聚，在爆竹声中辞旧岁，烟花满天迎新春。除夕，祭祖、吃团年饭，年夜饭后有派发压岁钱和守岁的习俗。

　　传统习俗：置天地桌、祭祖、烧炮、吃年夜饭、接神、踩祟、接财神。

　　New Years Eve is the last night of the year. The last day at the end of the year is called "Sui Chu", which means to remove the old year and replace it with a new one. Exclusion means to remove; Xi refers to the night. New Years Eve is a day for New Years Eve, family reunion, and ancestor worship. New Years Eve holds special significance in the hearts of Chinese people. The most important day at the end of the year is when even the farthest wanderers must rush home to reunite with their families, bid farewell to the old year with the sound of firecrackers, and welcome the new year with fireworks. On New Years Eve, it is customary to pay respects to ancestors and have a reunion dinner. After the dinner, there is a tradition of distributing New Years money and observing the New Year.

　　Traditional customs: setting up a heaven and earth table, worshipping ancestors, burning cannons, having New Years Eve dinner, receiving gods, stepping on the earth, and receiving the God of Wealth.

　　正月初一On the first day of the first lunar month

　　从年初一开始便进入迎禧接福、拜祭神祖、祈求丰年主题。元日子时交年时刻，鞭炮齐响、烟花照天、辞旧岁、迎新年等各种庆贺新春活动达于高潮。炮竹声中辞旧岁，烟花满天迎新春。春节早晨开门大吉，先烧炮竹，叫做“开门炮仗”，送旧迎新。爆竹声后，碎红满地，灿若云锦，称为“满堂红”。正月初一迎新岁，拜岁。早上各家焚香致礼，敬天地、祭列祖，拜岁神。然后依次给尊长拜年，继而同族亲友互致祝贺。新年初一，人们都早早起来，穿上最漂亮的衣服，打扮得整整齐齐出门，恭祝新年大吉大利。《占书》中说，正月初一是“鸡日”。

　　传统习俗：开门炮仗、拜岁、祈年、拜年、占岁、聚财。

　　Starting from the beginning of the new year, we have entered the theme of welcoming jubilees and receiving blessings, paying respects to our ancestors, and praying for a bountiful year. On the New Years Day, various celebration activities such as firecrackers, fireworks, bidding farewell to the old year, and welcoming the new year reach their climax. The sound of firecrackers bid farewell to the old year, and fireworks filled the sky to welcome the new year. On the morning of the Spring Festival, the door opens with good luck. First, set fire to firecrackers, which is called the "opening firecracker" to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. After the sound of firecrackers, the ground was shattered and red, as bright as clouds and brocade, known as "full of red". On the first day of the first lunar month, welcome the new year and pay respects. In the morning, each family burns incense to pay tribute to heaven and earth, sacrifices to ancestors, and pays homage to the New Year God. Then pay New Years greetings to the elders one by one, and then exchange congratulations with relatives and friends of the same clan. On the first day of the New Year, people wake up early, put on their most beautiful clothes, dress up neatly, and go out, wishing the New Year good luck. According to "Zhan Shu", the first day of the first lunar month is "Chicken Day".

　　Traditional customs: opening the door with firecrackers, paying respects to the New Year, praying for the New Year, paying respects to the New Year, occupying the New Year, and gathering wealth.

　　正月初二On the second day of the first lunar month

　　大年初二是开年日，早上拜祭天地神灵，祭礼完毕，烧炮、烧纸宝，然后吃“开年饭”。这餐“开年饭”一般备发菜、生菜、鱼等，意在取其生财利路之意。这天出嫁的女儿回娘家，要夫婿同行，所以俗称“迎婿日”。回娘家的女儿必须携带一些礼品和红包，分给娘家的小孩，并且在娘家吃午饭，但必须在晚饭前赶回婆家。《占书》中说，正月初二是“狗日”。

　　传统习俗：拜神，开年饭等。

　　On the second day of the Lunar New Year, it is the New Years Day. In the morning, we pay homage to the gods and gods of heaven and earth. After the ceremony is completed, we burn cannons and paper treasures, and then have a "New Years meal". This "New Years meal" usually includes seaweed, lettuce, fish, etc., with the intention of generating wealth and benefiting the road. On this day, the daughter who got married returned to her mothers house and asked her husband to accompany her, so it is commonly known as "welcoming son-in-law day". The daughter who returns to her mothers house must bring some gifts and red envelopes, distribute them to her children, and have lunch at her mothers house, but must rush back to her husbands house before dinner. In the Book of Documents, it is said that the second day of the first lunar month is "Dog Day".

　　Traditional customs: Worshiping the gods, having New Years meals, etc.

　　正月初三On the third day of the first lunar month

　　大年初三又称赤狗日，与“赤口”同音，为熛怒之神，是上古五帝（东方青帝灵威仰、南方赤帝赤熛怒、中央黄帝含枢纽、西方白帝白招拒、北方黑帝汁先纪）之一，即南方之神，司夏天。俗以为是日赤熛怒下兄，遇之则不吉，故此，“小年朝”例应祀祖祭神。“赤口”通常不会外出拜年，传说这天容易与人发生口角争执。古时在中国南方民间，大年初三的早上要贴“赤口”（禁口），认为这一天里易生口角，不宜拜年。所谓“赤口”，一般是用约长七八寸、宽一寸的红纸条，上面写上一些出入平安吉利的话。总之，贴“赤口”，是使人们心理上觉得一年到头都能出入平安，不与人发生口角或各种不幸的灾难，家中多多招财进宝，万事如意。

　　传统习俗：烧门神纸。

　　On the third day of the Lunar New Year, also known as Red Dog Day, it sounds the same as "Chikou" and is known as the God of Fury. It was one of the five ancient emperors (Lingwei Yang of the Eastern Qing Emperor, Red Fury of the Southern Red Emperor, Hanhuo of the Central Yellow Emperor, Baizhao Refuse of the Western White Emperor, and Juxian of the Northern Black Emperor), that is, the God of the South, who was in charge of summer. It is commonly believed that the younger brother was angered by the suns red sun, and encountering it would be inauspicious. Therefore, the "Xiao Nian Chao" tradition should offer sacrifices to ancestors and gods. "Chikou" usually does not go out to pay New Years greetings, and it is said that this day is prone to arguments and disputes with people. In ancient times, in the folk culture of southern China, on the morning of the third day of the Chinese New Year, it was necessary to stick a "red mouth" (forbidden mouth), believing that it was easy to have arguments on this day and it was not appropriate to pay New Years greetings. The so-called "red mouth" is usually a red paper strip about seven or eight inches long and one inch wide, with some auspicious words written on it. In short, posting "red mouth" is to make people feel psychologically safe to enter and exit throughout the year, without quarrels or various unfortunate disasters with others, and to attract more wealth and treasures at home, and everything goes smoothly.

　　Traditional custom: Burning door god paper.

　　正月初四The fourth day of the first lunar month

　　大年初四是祭财神的日子，迎神接神。《占书》中，传说正月初四是女娲造羊的日子，故称“羊日”，在这一天里，人们不能杀羊，如果天气好，则意味着这一年里，羊会养得很好，养羊的人家会有个好收成。

　　传统习俗：迎神接神，接五路，吃折罗，扔穷。

　　On the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, it is a day to worship the God of Wealth and welcome him. In the Book of Zhan, it is said that the fourth day of the first lunar month is the day when N ü wa made sheep, hence it is called "Sheep Day". On this day, people cannot kill sheep. If the weather is good, it means that the sheep will be well raised in this year, and the sheep farmers will have a good harvest.

　　Traditional customs: welcoming the gods and receiving them, following the five paths, eating Zheluo, and throwing away poverty.

　　正月初五On the fifth day of the first lunar month

　　正月初五，按民间习俗是五路财神的生日，因此要迎接财神进家，保佑自家新的一年财源滚滚、年年有余。同时自然也是送走“穷”的日子，故有“送穷出门”一说。这一天又俗称“破五”，意思是之前几天的诸多禁忌至此就结束了。破五习俗除了以上禁忌外，主要是送穷，迎财神，开市贸易。北方民间有吃饺子的习俗，寓意着招财进宝。传说正月初五是“牛日”。

　　传统习俗：祭财神（南方）、送穷、开市。

　　On the fifth day of the first lunar month, according to folk customs, it is the birthday of the Five Wealth Gods. Therefore, it is necessary to welcome the Wealth Gods into your home and bless your family with abundant wealth and surplus every year. At the same time, it is also a day to bid farewell to poverty, so there is a saying of "sending poverty out". This day, also known as "Po Wu", means that the many taboos of the previous days have come to an end. In addition to the above taboos, the main customs of breaking the Five Customs are to send away the poor, welcome the God of Wealth, and open markets for trade. There is a folk custom of eating dumplings in the north, which symbolizes attracting wealth and treasures. Legend has it that the fifth day of the first lunar month is "Ox Day".

　　Traditional customs: Worshiping the God of Wealth (Southern), sending off the poor, and opening the market.

　　正月初六On the sixth day of the first lunar month

　　正月初六是“马日”，叫六六大顺。这一天，每家每户要把节日积存的垃圾扔出去，这叫送穷鬼。大年初六也是启市日，商店酒楼才正式开张营业，而且要大放鞭炮，不亚于除夕的境况。

　　传统习俗：送穷，启市。

　　The sixth day of the first lunar month is known as the "Horse Day", also known as the Great Shun of the sixth lunar month. On this day, every household has to throw away the garbage accumulated during the holiday, which is called sending the poor away. On the sixth day of the Lunar New Year, which is also the opening day of the market, shops and restaurants officially open for business, and they have to set off firecrackers, no less than the situation on New Years Eve.

　　Traditional customs: Sending off poverty and opening up the market.

　　正月初七On the seventh day of the first lunar month

　　初七是人日，即人的生日，通常不外出拜年。《占书》说，由初一开始，上天创造万物的次序是“一鸡二狗、三猪四羊、五牛六马、七人八谷”，所以初七就是人日。从汉朝的文献开始有人日节俗的文字记载，魏晋后开始重视。古代人日有戴“人胜”的习俗，人胜是一种头饰，又叫彩胜、华胜。

　　传统习俗：熏天、吃七宝羹、送火神。

　　On the seventh day of the lunar new year, it is the birthday of a person and they usually do not go out to pay New Years greetings. According to the Book of Documents, starting from the first day of the lunar new year, the order in which heaven created all things is "one chicken, two dogs, three pigs, four sheep, five oxen, six horses, seven people, and eight valleys". Therefore, the seventh day of the lunar new year is known as the Human Day. Starting from the literature of the Han Dynasty, there were written records of peoples daily customs, which began to be valued after the Wei and Jin dynasties. In ancient times, there was a custom of wearing "Ren Sheng" on peoples days. Ren Sheng is a type of headwear, also known as Cai Sheng or Hua Sheng.

　　Traditional customs: smoking the sky, eating Seven Treasure Soup, and sending the Fire God.

　　正月初八On the eighth day of the first lunar month

　　年初八是开工日，派发开工利是，是广东老板过年后第一天上班首要做的事；利是利是，寓意着一年都能利利是是，大红大紫。年初八前走亲访友拜年基本完毕，从年初八起民间便陆续开展敬神、游神、摆宗、舞狮、舞龙、飘色、游灯、做醮、标炮、做大戏以及各种文艺表演活动。传说初八是谷子的生日，这天天阴则年歉，天气晴朗则这一年稻谷丰收。

　　传统习俗：顺星、游神、做斋头、放生祈福。

　　On the eighth day of the Lunar New Year, which is the start date, distributing construction benefits is the top priority for Guangdong bosses on their first day of work after the Chinese New Year; Profit is profit, symbolizing the ability to make profits throughout the year, with great success. Before the eighth day of the year, visiting relatives and friends to pay New Years greetings was basically completed. Starting from the eighth day of the year, folk activities such as worshiping gods, wandering gods, setting up schools, lion dances, dragon dances, fluttering colors, lantern dances, making ceremonies, marking cannons, performing grand plays, and various cultural performances have been carried out one after another. Legend has it that the eighth day of the lunar new year is the birthday of the millet. If it is cloudy on this day, the year will be a good one, and if the weather is clear, the year will be a bountiful harvest of rice.

　　Traditional customs: following the stars, wandering gods, making vegetarian offerings, and releasing animals for blessings.

　　正月初九On the ninth day of the first lunar month

　　正月初九是天日，在我国南方的东南沿海一带，尤其是闽南地区，有一个特别盛行且隆重的民间习俗，这就是“拜天公”。古人认为九是最大的阳数，古人以天为阳，以地为阴，所以用“九”来代表天。许多地区的人们在这一天都要望空叩拜，举行最隆重的祭祀仪式。以三牲、水果拜祭玉皇大帝的生日，求天公赐福，希望来年风调雨顺，有好收成。在各地祭拜天公习俗中，以福建闽南地区最为隆重。

　　The ninth day of the first lunar month is the day of heaven. In the southeastern coastal areas of southern China, especially in the southern Fujian region, there is a particularly popular and solemn folk custom, which is "worshipping the Heavenly God". The ancients believed that nine was the largest number of yang, and they regarded heaven as yang and earth as yin, so they used "nine" to represent heaven. On this day, people in many regions worship and hold the most solemn sacrificial ceremonies. Offering sacrifices of three animals and fruits to the birthday of the Jade Emperor, praying for blessings from the heavens and hoping for a good harvest in the coming year. Among the customs of worshipping the Heavenly God in various regions, the southern Fujian region is the most solemn.

　　正月初十On the tenth day of the first lunar month

　　正月初十，南方部分地区有开灯的习俗，设开灯酒宴。河南风俗这一日家家向石头焚香致敬，认为“十”，谐音“石”，因此初十为石头生日，这天凡磨、碾等石制工具都不能动，甚至设祭享祀石头，恐伤庄稼。也称“石不动”“十不动”；午餐必食馍饼，认为吃饼一年之内便会财运亨通。在山东郓城等地有抬石头神之举。On the tenth day of the first lunar month, there is a custom in some southern regions to turn on lights and hold a banquet with lights on. On this day, every family in Henan pays tribute to stones by burning incense, believing that "ten" sounds like "stone". Therefore, on the tenth day of the lunar new year, it is the birthday of stones. On this day, all stone tools such as grinding and grinding cannot be moved, and even offering sacrifices to stones may harm crops. Also known as "stone not moving" or "ten not moving"; I must eat bread for lunch, and I believe that eating bread will bring good financial luck within a year. In places such as Yuncheng in Shandong, there are acts of lifting stone gods.

　　正月十一January 11th

　　正月十一“子婿日”，此日是岳父宴请子婿的日子。初九庆祝“天公生”剩下的食物，除了在初十吃了一天外，还剩下很多，所以娘家不必再破费，就利用这些剩下的美食招待女婿及女儿，民歌称为“十一请子婿”。On the eleventh day of the first lunar month, it is the day when the father-in-law invites his son-in-law to a banquet. On the ninth day of the lunar new year, the leftover food for celebrating the birth of the Heavenly God was not only eaten all day on the tenth day, but also left a lot. Therefore, the family did not need to spend any more money and used these leftover delicacies to entertain their son-in-law and daughter. The folk song is called "Eleven Inviting Son-in-law".

　　正月十二January 12th

　　正月十二，搭灯棚，花灯酒会，做斋头，做醮，标炮等。从即日起人们开始准备庆祝元宵佳节，选购灯笼，搭盖灯棚，做醮，标炮。有童谣云：“十一嚷喳喳，十二搭灯棚，十三人开灯，十四灯正明，十五行月半，十六人完灯。”On the twelfth day of the first lunar month, we set up lantern sheds, hold flower lantern banquets, make vegetarian offerings, perform rituals, and mark cannons. From now on, people begin to prepare to celebrate the Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival), buy lanterns, build lamphouses, do ceremonies, and mark cannons. There is a nursery rhyme that goes: "Eleven shouts and chatters, twelve sets up lampshades, thirteen people turn on the lights, fourteen lights are bright, fifteen lines of moon and a half, sixteen people finish the lights."

　　正月十三、十四January 13th and 14th

　　正月十三、十四，舞狮、飘色、游神、逛庙会。有传说正月十三是“灯头生日”，民间在这一天要在厨灶下点灯，称为“点灶灯”。

　　On the 13th and 14th of the first lunar month, lion dance, floating colors, wandering gods, and visiting temple fairs. There is a legend that the 13th day of the first lunar month is the "Lantern Birthday", and people light lamps under the kitchen stove on this day, known as "lighting stove lamps".

　　正月十五（元宵节）The 15th day of the first month (Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival))

　　正月十五，习俗活动主要有赏灯、游灯、押舟、烧炮、烧烟花、采青、闹元宵等。元宵节的节俗非常有特色，节期与节俗活动，也随历史的发展而延长扩展。元宵节习俗自古以来就以热闹喜庆的观灯习俗为主。每到正月，自贡灯会就成为南方最上相、最具有想象力的“跨年活动”。这一习俗起源于唐宋时期，当时的人们燃灯、赏灯，是过年时重要的节俗。

　　On the 15th day of the first lunar month, the custom activities mainly include appreciating lanterns, touring lanterns, holding boats, burning guns, burning fireworks, picking green flowers, and making Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival). The festival customs of the Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) Festival are very distinctive. The festival period and festival customs activities also extend with the development of history. Since ancient times, the custom of Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) has been dominated by lively and festive lantern watching. Every January, the Zigong Lantern Festival becomes the most popular and imaginative New Years Eve event in the south. This custom originated in the Tang and Song dynasties, when people lit and enjoyed lanterns, which were important customs during the Chinese New Year.

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　　春节祝福语

　　1、May the joy of New Year be with you throughout the year.

　　愿新年的快乐一年四季常在。

　　2、Wishing you a sparkling New Year and bright happy New Year! May the season bring much pleasure to you.

　　愿你的新年光彩夺目，愿你的新年灿烂辉煌！佳节快乐！

　　3、Hope all your New Year dreams come true!

　　愿你所有的新年梦想都成真！

　　4、May its blessings lead into a wonderful year for you and all whom you hold dear.

　　祝福你及你所爱的人新的一年中万事如意。

　　6、With best wishes for a happy New Year!

　　祝新年快乐，并致以良好的祝福。

　　7、With very best wishes for your happiness in the New Year.

　　致以最良好的祝福，原你新年快乐幸福。

　　8、Good health, good luck and much happiness throughout the year.

　　恭祝健康、幸运，新年快乐。

　　9、I hope you have a most happy and prosperous New Year.

　　谨祝新年快乐幸福，大吉大利。

　　10、Seasons greetings and best wishes for the New Year.

　　祝福您，新年快乐。

　　11、Seasons greetings and sincere wishes for a bright and happy New Year!

　　献上节日的问候与祝福，愿你拥有一个充满生机和欢乐的新年。

　　12、Please accept our wishes for you and yours for a happy New Year.

　　请接受我们对你及你全家的美好祝福，祝你们新年快乐。

　　13、To wish you joy at this holy season. Wishing every happiness will always be with you.

　　恭祝新年吉祥，幸福和欢乐与你同在。

　　14、Allow me to congratulate you on the arrival of the New Year and to extend to you all my best wishes for your perfect health and lasting prosperity.

　　请允许我祝贺你在新的一年，向你表示最衷心的祝福你身体健康、事业发达。

　　15、May the coming New Year bring you joy, love and peace.

　　愿新年为你带来快乐，友爱和宁静。

　　16、Best wishes for the holidays and happiness throughout the New Year.

　　恭贺新禧，万事如意。

　　17、Please accept my sincere wishes for the New Year. I hope you will continue to enjoy good health.

　　请接受我诚挚的新年祝福，顺祝身体健康。

　　18、Good luck, good health, hood cheer. I wish you a happy New Year.

　　祝好运、健康、佳肴伴你度过一个快乐新年。

　　19、 Wishing you all the blessings of a beautiful season.

　　愿你拥有美丽的新年所有的祝福。

　　20、Wishing you all the joy of the season and a New Year of health, happiness and good fortune.

　　祝你在新的一年里身体健康、幸福快乐、好运连连。

　　21、To wish you special joy at the holidays and all year.

　　祝你在节日和新的一年中享有无限的.快乐。

　　Happy new year, my best friend.

　　22、祝我的挚友新年快乐。

　　A new year greeting to cheer you, my good friend.

　　希望新年祝福给你带来欢乐，我的好朋友。

　　23、新的一年，愿领导继续保持卓越的工作表现，事业更上一层楼！

　　In the new year, may leaders continue to maintain outstanding work performance and take their careers to the next level!

　　24、祝老板新年快乐，财源滚滚来。

　　Wishing the boss a happy new year and abundant financial resources.

　　25、愿领导在新的一年里事业一帆风顺，生活幸福美满！

　　May the leaders have a smooth career and a happy and fulfilling life in the new year!

　　26、老板，新年好，感谢你的关照。祝开心如意，财源滚滚！

　　Good New Year, boss. Thank you for your care. Wishing you happiness and abundant wealth!

　　27、新的一年，愿老板事业有成，家庭美满，万事如意！

　　In the new year, may the boss have a successful career, a happy family, and all the best!

　　28、新的一年，愿老板继续带领我们共同发展壮大公司！

　　In the new year, may the boss continue to lead us in jointly developing and strengthening the company!

　　29、 May you have a healthy and safe New Year, happy and joyful!

　　愿你新年健康加平安，幸福又快乐！

　　30、In the new year, may everything be smooth and prosperous, peaceful and happy!

　　新的一年，愿一切顺顺利利，平平安安，幸福快乐！

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　　春节的征文 1

　　The Spring Festival，Chinese New Year，is the most important festival for all of us. All family members get together on New YearEve to have a big meal.

　　At the same time，everyone celebrates to each other.At about 12 oclock，some parents and children light crackers.The whole sky is lighted brightly. We may watch the fireworks excitedly.How beautiful it is!

　　On the first early moring of one year，many senior citizen get up early and they stick the reversed Fu or hang some couplets on the front door. Some houses windows are sticked on red paper cutlings.

　　The Chinese New Year lasts fifteen days. So during the fifteen days，we always visit our relatives from door to door. At that time，children are the happiest because they can get many red packets form their parents，grandparents，uncles，aunts and so on. The last day of the Chinese New Year is another festival. It names the Lantern Festival.

　　So the Chinese New Year comes to the end.

　　中国新年，春节是我们所有的人最重要的节日。在春节期间，所有的家庭成员都会在新年前夕聚在一起吃一顿大餐。

　　与此同时，每个人都互相庆祝。大约12点，一些家长和孩子们会一起放鞭炮，整个天空都是明亮的。我们可以高高兴兴地欣赏着这写烟花。啊，多么美丽的烟花啊!

　　新年里的第一个早上，许多老年人会很早的就起来，将福字倒贴在门上并把对联也贴在门上。一些房子的窗户上都贴上了红色的`剪纸。

　　中国的新年会持续15天，所以在这十五天里，我们总是会去挨家挨户去拜年。那时，孩子是最幸福的，因为他们可以从爸爸妈妈、爷爷奶奶、叔叔婶婶那里得到一些红包。中国新年的最后一天是另一个节日。这个节日叫做“元宵节”。

　　等到元宵节来时，这个新年也就结束了。

　　春节的征文 2

　　Falling on the first day of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar, the Spring Festival is in fact the Chinese New Year. Before it, people usually give their house a thorough cleaning and do a lot of shopping.

　　On the New Year’s Eve, people come home and the whole family have a big dinner together. On the New Year’s Day and the few days to follow, people often visit their relatives and friends to give one another their best wishes for the new year.

　　Throughout this festival period firecrackers can be heard everywhere. This festival is the most important festival for the Chinese.

　　春节实际上是中国的新年，它在中国农历正月初一的第一天。在春节开始之前，人们通常会给他们的房子进行彻底的清理，并进行大量的购物。

　　除夕的时候，人们会回到家里，这时，全家人都会在一起吃了一顿大餐。在新年和接下来的这些天里，人们经常会去拜访他们的亲戚和朋友，给他们一个新的一年的最好的祝福。

　　在这个节日期间，到处都可以听到烟花爆竹的`声音。这个春节是中国人最重要的节日。

　　春节的征文 3

　　Favorite Spring Festival is the most important festival in China .It’s to celebrate the lunar calendar ‘s new year .In the evening before the Spring Festival ,families get together and have a big meal .In many places people like to set off firecrackers .Dumplings are the most traditional food .Children like the festival very much ,because they can have delicious food and wear new clothes .They can also get some money from their parents. This money is given to children for good luck . People put New Year scrolls on the wall for good fortune .

　　春节是中国最重要的节日，它是为了庆祝农历新年，在春节前的晚上，家人聚在一起吃大餐，很多地方人们喜欢放鞭炮，饺子是最传统的食物，孩子们最喜欢的节日，因为他们可以吃到美味的`食物和穿新衣服。这笔钱是给孩子们的好运气。人们把新的一年的卷轴在墙上为好运气。

　　The Spring Festival lasts about 15 days long .People visit relatives and friends with the words “Have all your wishes ”. People enjoy the Spring Festival ,during this time they can have a good rest .

　　春节大约持续15天，人们拜访亲戚和朋友，这句话“有你所有的愿望”。人们享受春节，在此期间，他们可以有一个良好的休息。

　　春节的征文 4

　　I like The Spring Festival. The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together， just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back， becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival. Airports， railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.

　　我喜欢春节。正如在西方国家的圣诞节一样，春节对于中国人来说是最重要的节日，在这一天所有家庭成员欢聚一堂。所有离家在外的人都会返回家乡，交通系统在春节前后的半个月之内变成最繁忙的时期。飞机场，火车站和长途汽车站都挤满了旅客。

　　During Spring Festival， the most improtant days are Spring Festival Eve and the first three days.Many customs accompany the Spring Festival.

　　在春节期间，而最重要的日子是春节的前一天和春节后的三天，许多民间风俗都在春节前后。

　　During Spring Festival time， you can see kinds of decorations.you can go to temple fairs and enjoy superb performances of the dances， stilt-walking and amazing acrobatic shows.

　　在春节期间，你就可以看到各式各样的装饰品。你当然也可以去礼堂欣赏精湛的'舞蹈表演，高跷行走和惊人的杂技表演。

　　春节的征文 5

　　The happy spring festival spring festival is on the first day of the first lunar month.chinese people most like the spring festival.during spring festival,chinese people like having meals with their families,playing fireworks in the open air.my sisters and iplayed fireworks on that day.we had many fireworks.they were very beautiful.they were running into the sky and breaking into pieces.they looked like flowers in the sky.we were very happy and excited.after that,i made awish.i hope that,we can have ahappy and healthy life next year and everyone in my family can be happy.i enjoy the festival very happy.

　　春节，中国新年，是我们大家最重要的节日。所有的家庭成员都得到新大吃一顿。同时，大家互相庆祝。大约十二点，一些家长和孩子们放鞭炮，天空是明亮的。我们可以兴奋地看烟花！

　　在一年的第一个清晨，许多老年人早早起床，贴上颠倒的礼物，或在前门挂上对联。一些房子的窗户上贴上红纸。

　　中国新年持续十五天。所以在这十五天里，我们总是登门拜访我们的.亲戚。那时，孩子们最快乐，因为他们可以从父母、祖父母、叔叔、阿姨那里得到很多红包。春节的最后一天是另一个节日。它把元宵节命名为元宵节。

　　所以中国新年就要到了。

　　春节的征文 6

　　The Spring Festival is very important to Chinese people. In the past，people could not often have meat，rice or other delicious food. They could only eat these during the Spring festival. So every year they hoped that the Spring Festival would come soon. Now， although people‘s life is much better，and we can eat the delicious foods everyday. People still like the festival. Because most people can have a long holiday，and we are free to go on a trip or visit our friends or have parties with our family. In the evenings，we can have a big meal in the restaurant or stay at home with family and watch the TVprograms.

　　I like the Spring Festival very much. How wonderful the Spring Festival is！

　　春节对中国人来说非常重要。在过去，人们往往没有肉，大米或其他美味的食物吃。他们通常只能在春节吃到这些。所以每年他们都希望春节可以快点来。现在，虽然人们的生活好多了，我们每天都可以吃美味的食物。人们仍然喜欢的'春节。因为大多数人可以有一个很长的假期，我们可以自由地去旅行或拜访我们的朋友或与我们的一家人聚会。晚上，我们可以在餐厅大吃一顿，或与家人留在家里看电视节目。

　　我十分喜欢春节。春节是多么的美妙啊！

　　春节的征文 7

　　The Spring Festival es after New Years Day.Its usually in January or February.Its the Chinese New Years Day.The Spring Festival is the biggest festival in China.

　　All of the Chinese like this festival.When it es,people are busy.They usually do some cleaning,go to the stores to buy some new clothes and a lot of meat,vegetables and fruit.

　　On the eve of the festival,everyone in the family es back home from other places.They get together and have a big supper .

　　They eat dumplings,New Years cake and some other delicious food in their houses.Some people like New Years cake,but more people think dumplings are the most delicious food of all.Some families have a party.

　　They sing,dance and have a good time.I like this festival very much because I can play with my friends and I can get "red envelopes".

　　翻译：

　　春节是在新年的第一天.通常是在一月或二月.这是中国新年的日子.春节是中国最大的节日.所有的中国人喜欢这个节日当它来了,人正忙着他们通常通过清洁、去商店去买些新的衣服和大量的肉类、蔬菜、水果。

　　节日的前夕,家里人是从其他地方回来的他们聚在一起吃一顿丰富的晚餐,他们吃饺子,新年的`蛋糕和一些其它美味的食物自己的房屋有些人喜欢新年的蛋糕,但“新年快乐，万事如意。”还可以好好休息一段时间。

　　孩子们更是喜欢过节，因为他们不仅可以吃到美味佳肴、穿上新衣服，还可以得到很多压岁钱。晚辈得到压岁钱就可以平平安安度过一岁。

　　春节的征文 8

　　Far and away the most important holiday in China is Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese New Year. To the Chinese people it is as important as Christmas to people in the West. The dates for this annual celebration are determined by the lunar calendar rather than the GREgorian calendar.

　　so the timing of the holiday varies from late January to early February. To the ordinary Chinese, the festival actually begins on the eve of the lunar New Years Day and ends on the fifth day of the first month of the lunar calendar. But the 15th of the first month, which normally is called the Lantern Festival, means the official end of the Spring Festival in many parts of the country.

　　Spring Festival is the most importantand popular festival in China.Before Spring Festival ,the people usually clean and decorate their houses.And they go to the Flower Fairs to buy some flowers.During Spring Festival ,the adults usually give lucky money to children.People often get together and have a big meal.Some people eat dumpling for dinner.

　　很久以前，中国历史上最重要的节日是春节，而且据说是中国的新年。对于中国人来说，它的'重要程度和西方的圣诞节一样。这一年一度的庆典日期被定在了阴历相当于格里高利历，所以假日改变的日期从一月末变为二月初。

　　对于黄皮肤的中国人来说，这个解释实际是始于春节的前夕结束于第一个月圆之日。而第一个月圆之夜一般情况下被称作元宵节，意味春节在全国大部分地区的官方节日时间上结束。

　　春节在中国是最重要最流行的节日。在很久以前，过春节时，人们经常需要整理打扫房间。并且去花市买些鲜花。春节期间，成年人常常要给小子压岁钱。人们常要在一起聚餐，有些人午夜还会吃饺子。

　　春节的征文 9

　　The spring festival is the loveliest in China, which is comes in February. Everyone loves it so much that prepare lots of things of the spring festival before it comes. In the spring festival holiday, people do many things, such as eat the dinner on the New Years, set off fireworks, stroll the famous fair likes "Baiyunguan" fair. Especially for some children or teenager is "lucky money"。

　　On the first day of lunar, the young generation congratulates the old generation with "Happy New Year!"

　　Then the old generation will give the young some lucky money which wrapped with red paper or red envelope. Because red is a color with joyful. Lucky money means the old generations love to the young and hope them can have a good luck in this new year. this is the lucky money which lots of the young want.

　　春节是中国最隆重的节日，春节通常在二月份。每个人都非常重视它，并且在春节到来之前做很多节日准备。在春节假期，人们会有很多活动，比如吃年夜饭，放烟花，逛“白云观”之类的著名庙会。孩子和年轻人还有“压岁钱”可以领。

　　农历新年的第一天，晚辈会跟长辈们说“新年快乐!”

　　然后长辈们会给晚辈一些用红纸或者红信封装着的'压岁钱。因为红色代表着喜庆。压岁钱意味着长辈对晚辈的爱，并且希望他们能在新的一年有一个好运气。这是幸运红包，很多孩子都希望收到。

　　春节的征文 10

　　Ancient Chinese legend had had a monster named nian head long sharp edges, fierce abnormalities, in "the beast in the seabed, each elder deep into the New Years eve and climbed out to swallow cattle damage lives, each to New Years eve, people CunCunZhaiZhai FuLaoXieYou and fled to the mountains, to avoid" nian "damage.

　　Again a year New Years eve, folks like ever busy tidy up thing to prepare fled to the mountains, come a time village head east white-haired old man, a white-haired old man to jehu old woman say as long as let him in her family lives a night, he will surely "nian" beast driven away. They do not believe, old woman advised its still went up into the mountain from the good, but the old man stayed, all see advised him not to live, then went up the mountain in succession from.

　　When "nian" beast like usual ready to burst into village, when suddenly spread across the firecracker, "nian" beast mix body chills, and never forward pool, originally "year" beast most afraid of red, the light of fire, and exploding. Then door open, see the old man wearing red nosocomial a laugh, "nian" beast was surprised and hasty retreat.

　　The next day, when the people back to the village from mountains, he found the village safe and sound, this is suddenly enlighted, originally white-haired old man is to help you evict "nian" beast immortals, people also found a white-haired old expel "nian" beast three pieces of magic weapon. Since then, the New Years eve, everybody pasted red couplets, firecrackers, every household lights, ShouGeng for years. This customs more spreadses more and widely, become the Chinese folk ceremonious traditional festival "Chinese New Year".

　　传说中国古时侯有一种叫“年”的怪兽，头长尖角，凶猛异常，年”兽长年深居海底，每到除夕，爬上岸来吞食牲畜伤害人命，因此每到除夕，村村寨寨的人们扶老携幼，逃往深山，以躲避“年”的伤害。

　　又到了一年的除夕，乡亲们象往年都忙着收拾东西准备逃往深山，这时候村东头来了一个白发老人，白发老人对一户老婆婆说只要让他在她家住一晚，他定能将“年”兽驱赶走．众人不信，老婆婆劝其还是上山躲避的好，但老人坚持留下，众人见劝他不住，便纷纷上山躲避去了。

　　当“年”兽象往年一样准备闯进村肆虐的'时候，突然传来爆竹声，“年”兽混身颤栗，再也不敢向前凑了，原来“年”兽最怕红色，火光和炸响．这时大门大开，只见院内一位身披红袍的老人哈哈大笑，“年”兽大惊失色，仓惶而逃．

　　第二天，当人们从深山回到村里时，发现村里安然无恙，这才恍然大悟，原来白发老人是帮助大家驱逐“年”兽的神仙，人们同时还发现了白发老人驱逐“年”兽的三件法宝．从此，每年的除夕，家家都贴红对联，燃放爆竹，户户灯火通明，守更待岁．这风俗越传越广，就成了中国民间最隆重的传统节日“过年” 。

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　　春节饮食习俗

　　1、腊八粥Laba Congee

　　“腊八节”这一天在中国民间有吃腊八粥的习俗。喝腊八粥在中国已有千年历史，腊八粥又称“大家饭”，是纪念民族英雄岳飞的一种节日食俗。腊，在远古时代本是一种祭礼的名称，夏朝称“清祀”，殷商称“嘉平”，周朝时改称“腊”。“腊”是从“猎”字演变而来，故“腊”“猎”相通。因为一岁之终，农作物已收晒完毕，农闲了，人们便到野外猎取禽兽，用来祭祖先、敬百神，以祈福求寿、避灾迎祥，称之为“腊祭”。先秦的腊日在冬至后的第三个戌日。中国喝腊八粥的.历史，已有一千多年，目前见到的最早文字记载是宋代孟元老的《东京梦华录》。每逢腊八这一天，不论富人还是穷人，家家都要喝腊八粥。《祀记·郊特牲》说蜡祭是“岁十二月，合聚万物而索飨之也”，腊八粥以八方食物合在一块，和米共煮一锅，是合聚万物、调和千灵之意。最早的腊八粥是用红小豆来煮，后经演变，加之地方特色，逐渐丰富多彩起来。“腊八粥”又叫“七宝粥”“五味粥”，不仅清香甜美，而且能畅胃气，生津液，因而颇受人们喜食。随着时代的发展，花样越来越多的腊八粥已发展成具有地方风味的小吃。腊八节后，春节将至，人们便开始购置年货，打扫卫生，布置居室，以崭新的面貌迎接“年”的到来。It is a custom to eat Laba Congee among Chinese people on the day of Laba Festival. Drinking Laba Congee has a thousand year history in China. Laba Congee, also known as "everyones meal", is a festival food custom in memory of national hero Yue Fei. La, originally a name for sacrificial rituals in ancient times, was called "Qingsi" in the Xia Dynasty, "Jiaping" in the Yin and Shang Dynasties, and changed to "La" in the Zhou Dynasty. "La" evolved from the word "hunting", so "La" and "hunting" are interconnected. Because at the end of one year, crops have been harvested and sun dried, and farming is idle, people go to the wild to hunt birds and animals, to worship their ancestors, worship the gods, pray for blessings and longevity, avoid disasters and welcome good luck, which is called "La Festival". The twelfth day of the pre Qin period was on the third day after the winter solstice. China has a history of drinking Laba Congee for more than a thousand years. The earliest written record we have seen is the Record of Dreams in Tokyo by Elder Meng of the Song Dynasty. Every Laba day, whether rich or poor, every family will drink Laba Congee. The Sacrifice · Suburb Special Sacrifice says that the wax offering is "in December, gathering all things together and enjoying them". Laba Congee is made by combining all kinds of food and cooking together with rice, which means gathering all things together and harmonizing thousands of spirits. The earliest Laba Congee was cooked with red beans. After evolution, combined with local characteristics, it gradually became rich and colorful. "Laba Congee" is also called "Qibao Congee" and "Wuwei Congee". It is not only fragrant and sweet, but also can smooth stomach qi and produce fluid, so it is popular among people. With the development of the times, more and more Laba Congee has developed into a snack with local flavor. After the Laba Festival, as the Spring Festival approaches, people begin to purchase New Years goods, clean up, decorate their homes, and welcome the arrival of the New Year with a brand new look.

　　2、年糕Rice cake

　　春节吃年糕，“义取年胜年，籍以祈岁稔。”寓意万事如意年年高。年糕的种类有：北方有白糕饦、黄米糕；江南有水磨年糕；西南有糯粑粑；台湾有红龟糕。汉代杨雄的《方言》一书中就已有“糕”的称谓，魏晋南北朝时已流行。贾思勰《齐民要术》记载了制做方法。明、清时，是糕已发展成市面上一种常年供应的小食，并有南北风味之别。北方年糕有蒸、炸二种，南方年糕除蒸、炸外，尚有片炒、汤煮诸法。Eating rice cakes during the Spring Festival symbolizes good luck and prosperity every year. The types of rice cakes include: white rice cakes and yellow rice cakes in the north; Jiangnan has water milled rice cakes; There are glutinous rice cakes in the southwest; Taiwan has red turtle cake. The term "gao" was already used in Yang Xiongs book "Dialects" during the Han Dynasty and became popular during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Jia Sixies "Qi Min Yao Shu" recorded the method of production. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, cakes had developed into a perennial snack on the market, with distinct flavors from the north and south. There are two types of northern rice cakes: steamed and fried. In addition to steaming and frying, southern rice cakes also have various methods such as stir frying and soup boiling.

　　3、饺子Dumplings

　　北方年夜饭有吃饺子的传统，但各地吃饺子的习俗亦不相同，有的地方除夕之夜吃饺子，有的地方初一吃饺子，北方一些山区还有初一到初五每天早上吃饺子的习俗。吃饺子是表达人们辞旧迎新之际祈福求吉愿望的特有方式。按照中国古代记时法，晚上11时到第二天凌晨1时为子时。“交子”即新年与旧年相交的时刻。饺子就意味着更岁交子，过春节吃饺子被认为是大吉大利。另外饺子形状像，包饺子意味着包住福运，吃饺子象征生活富裕。与北方不同，南方的年夜饭通常有火锅和鱼。火锅沸煮，热气腾腾，温馨撩人，红红火火；“鱼”和“余”谐音，象征“吉庆有余”，也喻示着生活幸福，“年年有余”。南方还有一些地方过春节讲究吃年糕，年年高（糕），象征收成一年比一年高，境界一年比一年高。There is a tradition of eating dumplings for New Years Eve dinner in the north, but the customs of eating dumplings vary in different regions. Some places eat dumplings on New Years Eve, some on New Years Day, and some mountainous areas in the north also have the custom of eating dumplings every morning from New Years Day to New Years Day. Eating dumplings is a unique way to express peoples wishes for blessings and good luck as they bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. According to the ancient Chinese timekeeping system, from 11pm to 1am the next day is the sub hour. "Jiaozi" refers to the moment when the new year intersects with the old year. Dumplings symbolize a new year of childbirth, and eating dumplings during the Spring Festival is considered auspicious. In addition, the shape of dumplings is similar, making dumplings means wrapping good luck, and eating dumplings symbolizes a prosperous life. Unlike in the north, the New Years Eve dinner in the south usually includes hot pot and fish. Hot pot boiling, steaming hot, warm and seductive, red and hot; "Fish" and "surplus" are homophonic, symbolizing "auspicious and surplus", and also symbolizing happiness in life, "surplus every year". There are also some places in the south that pay attention to eating rice cakes during the Spring Festival. The cakes are high every year, symbolizing that the harvest is getting higher and the realm is getting higher and higher year by year.

　　4、元宵Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival)

　　南方叫做“汤圆”，在江苏，上海等地，大年初一早晨都有吃汤圆的习俗。元宵节，道教称之为“上元节”。据元代伊土珍《（女郎）环环记》引《三余帖》记：嫦娥奔月后，羿思念成疾。正月十四日夜忽有童子求见，自称为嫦娥之使，说：“夫人知君怀思，无从得降，明日乃月圆之候，君宜用米粉作丸，团团如月，置室西北方，叫夫人之名，三夕可降而。”羿如法而行，嫦娥果然降临。可见元宵节吃元宵，是取“团团如月”的吉祥之意。明代时，元宵在北京已很常见，做法也与今天无异。清代康熙年间朝野盛行“八宝元宵”、马思远元宵。民国初年还有袁世凯因元宵与“袁消”音同，故下令禁喊元宵之事。

　　The south is called "rice dumpling". In Jiangsu, Shanghai and other places, it is customary to eat rice dumpling on the morning of the New Years Day. The Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) is called "Shangyuan Festival" by Taoism. According to Yi Tuzhens "Huanhuan Ji" and "San Yu Tie" from the Yuan Dynasty, after Change rushed to the moon, Yi fell ill with longing. On the 14th day and night of the first month, a boy suddenly asked to see him. He called himself the envoy of Change and said, "My wife knows that you are missing, and there is no way to drop. Tomorrow is the day when the moon is full. You should use Rice noodles to make pills, which are as round as the moon. He is located in the northwest of the room, called his wife, and can drop in three nights." Yi walked like the law, and Change came. It can be seen that eating Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) on the Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) Festival means "round like the moon". In the Ming Dynasty, Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) was very common in Beijing, and its practice was the same as today. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, "Eight Treasure Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) Festival" and Ma Siyuan Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) Festival were popular in the court and the public. In the early years of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai also ordered a ban on the shouting of Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) Lantern Festival because it sounded the same as "Yuan Xiao".

　　5、春卷Spring rolls

　　春卷也饼，立春吃春饼是中国一种古老风俗。晋代已有“五芋盘”即“春盘”，是将春饼与菜同置一盘之内。唐宋时立春吃春饼之风渐盛，皇帝并以之赐近臣百官，当时的春盘极为讲究：“翠缕红丝，金鸡玉燕，备极精巧，每盘直万钱”。民间也用以互相馈赠。吃春饼的食俗也影响了兄弟民族。如耶律楚律随成吉思汗征西域时就曾命厨师作春盘，并作诗日：“昨朝春日偶然忘，试作春盘我一尝。本案初开银线乱，砂瓶煮熟藕丝长。匀和豌豆揉葱白，细剪萎蒿点韭黄。也与何曾同是饱，区区何必待膏梁”。春饼发展到今天，形制随地而异，食用时间也因地而别。有烙制、也有蒸制；或大如团扇，或小如荷甲。

　　Spring rolls are also cakes. Eating spring cakes at the beginning of spring is an ancient custom in China. In the Jin Dynasty, there was already a "Five Taro Plate" or "Spring Plate", which placed spring cakes and vegetables on the same plate. During the Tang and Song dynasties, the trend of eating spring cakes at the beginning of spring gradually flourished, and the emperor bestowed them upon his close courtiers and officials. At that time, the spring dishes were extremely exquisite: "Cui Xi Hong Si, Jin Ji Yu Yan, exquisitely prepared, with each dish costing tens of thousands of yuan.". Folk people also use it for mutual gifts. The custom of eating spring cakes has also influenced the brotherly ethnic groups. When Yel ü Chu Lv accompanied Genghis Khan to conquer the Western Regions, he once ordered a chef to make a spring plate and wrote a poem: "Yesterday morning, I accidentally forgot to make a spring plate. I will try making a spring plate. At the beginning of this case, the silver thread was opened haphazardly, and the lotus root silk was cooked in a sand bottle. The peas were evenly mixed and kneaded with green onions, and the withered Artemisia annua was finely cut with leek yellow. It is also full like He Zeng, why wait for the paste beam?". Spring cakes have developed to this day, and their shapes and consumption times vary from place to place. It can be baked or steamed; Either as big as a fan, or as small as a lotus armor.

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　　春节注意禁忌

　　一、过年期间的饮食注意Dietary precautions during the Chinese New Year

　　规律饮食，不要“暴饮暴食” Eat a regular diet and avoid overeating

　　春节期间走亲访友，家家户户的茶几上、餐桌上、零食、菜肴都很丰富，很多人在春节那是控制不住自己的嘴的，饮食极其不规律，且很容易暴饮暴食。不规律的进食和暴饮暴食，都极大的加重了胃肠道的负担，因而容易造成消化不良、腹胀、口苦，甚至恶心、呕吐、腹泻等。

　　During the Spring Festival, visiting relatives and friends, the tea tables, dining tables, snacks, and dishes in every household are very rich. Many people cannot control their mouths during the Spring Festival, and their diet is extremely irregular, making it easy to overeat. Irregular eating and overeating greatly increase the burden on the gastrointestinal tract, which can easily lead to indigestion, bloating, bitter taste, and even nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.

　　多食蔬菜，主食也不要忘记Eat more vegetables, and dont forget the staple food

　　节日期间荤腥吃的多，也要注意多吃蔬菜。新鲜蔬菜是一种碱性食物，不仅含有丰富的纤维素，可解油腻，维持肠胃正常蠕动，预防便秘，而且能中和体内多余的酸性物质，维持人体的平衡。

　　During festivals, it is important to eat more meat and vegetables. Fresh vegetables are an alkaline food that not only contains rich fiber, which can relieve greasiness, maintain normal gastrointestinal motility, prevent constipation, but also neutralize excess acidic substances in the body and maintain balance in the human body.

　　饮酒适量Moderate alcohol consumption

　　过量的饮酒会造成肝脏、大脑、神经系统和消化系统等损伤，节假日也必须注意限量饮酒，不要因为高兴或“面子”而来者不拒，醉酒、酗酒后容易伤己，喝醉耍酒疯，还会破坏春节和气的氛围，尤其应避免酒后开车，不是为了交警和罚单，而是为了自己及家人的生命安全。

　　Excessive alcohol consumption can cause damage to the liver, brain, nervous system, and digestive system. It is also important to limit alcohol consumption during holidays and not refuse to drink because of joy or "face saving". Drunk and excessive drinking can easily harm oneself, causing drunken behavior and disrupting the harmonious atmosphere of the Spring Festival. It is especially important to avoid driving under the influence of alcohol, not for the sake of traffic police and fines, but for the safety of oneself and ones family.

　　二、春节的禁忌有哪些What are the taboos during the Spring Festival

　　1、早上非常忌讳催人起床 Very taboo to urge people to wake up in the morning

　　春节期间，睡觉睡到自然醒。因为，在古人看来，如果春节催别人起床，那么就会表示：他一年都要别人催着才能做事!当然，如果别人在睡觉，你是不能过去拜年的，因为这会让对方一年都在病床上。

　　During the Spring Festival, sleep until you wake up naturally. Because in the eyes of the ancients, if the Spring Festival urged others to wake up, it would mean that they had to be urged by others all year to do things! Of course, if someone is sleeping, you cannot go to pay New Years greetings because it will keep them in bed for the whole year.

　　2、不许坐家中最高贵的座位Not allowed to sit in the most noble seat at home

　　我们这里讲究过年祖宗要回家过年，最尊贵的座位留给他们，三十和初一要留着，很多家庭还会摆上贡品，专门让祖宗享用，当然这种情况，家人都会避开那些座位了。We emphasize that during the Chinese New Year, our ancestors should go home and celebrate. The most prestigious seats should be reserved for them, and on the 30th and first day of the lunar new year, they should be kept. Many families also offer tribute items specifically for their ancestors to enjoy. Of course, in this situation, families will avoid those seats.

　　3、忌讳倒污水垃圾扫地等Taboos: Pouring sewage, garbage, sweeping the floor, etc

　　这一点，重点是指大年初一不能做。在古人看来，污水、垃圾等，都可能蕴含家里的财气，所以如果扫地或倒掉这些垃圾，就可能把家里财气倒掉!当然，五天不做这些事不可能，所以尽量大年初一别做。

　　The key point is that it cannot be done on the first day of the Lunar New Year. In the eyes of the ancients, sewage, garbage, etc. may contain the wealth of the family, so if you sweep the floor or dispose of these garbage, you may drain the wealth of the family! Of course, its impossible not to do these things for five days, so try not to do them on the first day of the Lunar New Year.

　　4、冰箱米缸为空不吉Is it unlucky for the refrigerator rice jar to be empty

　　我们在过年的整个期间，冰箱和米缸不可空空如也，需要随时补满，因为这两样物品与我们的衣食紧密相关，补满这两样则象征家中来年必能衣食无忧，钱财满满。另外家中如果有坏掉的锅碗瓢盆，建议可以一并换新，否则会影响到来年的财运，而且也容易破财。

　　During the entire Chinese New Year period, the refrigerator and rice jar should not be empty and need to be filled at any time, because these two items are closely related to our food and clothing. Filling them up symbolizes that our family will be able to have worry free food and clothing and full of money in the coming year. In addition, if there are broken pots, bowls, ladles, and pots at home, it is recommended to replace them together, otherwise it will affect the financial luck of the coming year and it is also easy to lose money.

　　5、床不能乱动The bed cannot move randomly

　　卧室的床是我们平时睡觉休息的地方，也是我们藏气纳财的位置所在。如果摆放的`不好或着随意的移动，轻则会使我们睡不安稳，诸事不顺，重的话还会影响到夫妻的感情以及家人的健康。尤其是孕妇的床，是万万不可动的。因为胎儿在肚子里也是有感觉的，如果察觉到自己身边的环境，发生了变化会很容易导致不安，从而发生胎动。

　　The bed in the bedroom is the place where we usually sleep and rest, as well as the place where we store energy and wealth. If placed improperly or moved casually, it can cause us to have difficulty sleeping and everything goes wrong. In severe cases, it can also affect the relationship between spouses and the health of family members. Especially for pregnant women, their beds are absolutely immovable. Because fetuses also have feelings in their stomachs, if they perceive changes in their surroundings, it can easily lead to anxiety and fetal movements.

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