万圣节的由来和习俗
在西方国家,每年的10月31日为“万圣节之夜”,万圣节是西方国家的传统节日。下面就是YJBYS小编为大家带来的万圣节的由来和习俗,仅供参考!
万圣节的由来
每年的10月31日,是西方传统的“鬼节”――万圣节。不过这一天的气氛却远不像它的名称那样让人听上去就“毛骨悚然”。每当万圣节到来,孩子们都会迫不及待地穿上五颜六色的化妆服,戴上千奇百怪的面具,提着一盏“杰克灯”走家窜户,向大人们索要节日的礼物。万圣节最广为人知的象征也正是这两样――奇异的“杰克灯”和“不请吃就捣乱”的恶作剧。
关于万圣节由来最普遍的认为,那是源于基督诞生前的古西欧国家,主要包括爱尔兰、苏格兰和威尔士。这几处的古西欧人叫德鲁伊特人。德鲁伊特人的新年在十一月一日,新年前夜,德鲁伊特人让年轻人集队,戴着各种怪异面具,拎着刻好的萝卜灯(南瓜灯系后期习俗,古西欧最早没有南瓜),他们游走于村落间。这在当时实则为一种秋收的庆典;也有说是“鬼节”,传说当年死去的人,灵魂会在万圣节的前夜造访人世,据说人们应该让造访的鬼魂看到圆满的收成并对鬼魂呈现出丰盛的款待。所有篝火及灯火和把自己打扮成妖魔鬼怪,一来是为了吓走鬼魂,同时也为鬼魂照亮路线,引导其回归。
万圣节的习俗
1、敲门索取糖果
万圣节当晚是一年里最“闹鬼”的时候,当天晚上的习俗便是孩子们提着南瓜灯,穿着各式各样的仿妖魔鬼怪的服饰挨家挨户的敲门并大喊:"Trick or Treat!"(意为不请客就捣乱),主人家(可能同样穿着恐怖服装)便会派出一些糖果、朱古力或是小礼物;要是不给糖的话,小孩子们就会进行各种恶作剧,比如把垃圾倒进你的家里等等。
2、“咬苹果”游戏
万圣节的另一个习俗是最为流行的“咬苹果”游戏。游戏时,人们让苹果漂浮在装满水的盆里,然后让参与者在不用手的条件下用嘴去咬苹果,谁先咬到,谁就是优胜者。
3、占扑游戏
在爱尔兰,有一种传统占卜游戏,参加者蒙着眼,从放着几个小碟的桌上选出其中一只,如摸到的碟盛有泥土,代表来年会有与参加者有关的人过身,如盛有水代表会远行,盛有钱币代表会发财,盛有豆代表会穷困等等。在19世纪的爱尔兰,少女会在洒有面粉的碟上放蛞蝓,而蛞蝓爬行的痕迹会是少女将来丈夫的'模样。
4、人鬼嘉年华会
纽约市也特别在万圣节晚上举行巡游,让一群吸血鬼,僵尸,巫婆,科学怪人等齐齐现身,还欢迎市民到场参观,到会者不限年龄、性别,不分阶级、国籍,即使你是胆小鬼,也可加入他们的行列,来个热热闹闹的人鬼嘉年华会。其实这些鬼怪都是人扮的,所以并不可怕,相反有些小鬼脸更非常可爱,令人置身其中,就如参加大型化装舞会一样。
附:万圣节的习俗(中英文版)
TINY ghost-like dolls hang from trees, big plastic spiders sit on rooftops and bloody plastic hands reach out from gravestones…Are you ready for the scariest night of the year?
树上到处悬挂着鬼怪小玩偶,屋顶盘踞着巨大的塑料蜘蛛,墓穴里伸出一双血淋淋的塑胶手……一年之中最恐怖的夜晚到来了,你好了吗?
October 31 is Halloween, one of the most popular festivals in the US, Canada and Britain. The festival began as a day to remember the dead. But nowadays it's all about the carnival atmosphere when people can enjoy dressing up and scaring each other.
10月31日万圣节前夜是美国、加拿大和英国最受欢迎的节日。节日源起于对死者的纪念日。但现在它完全一场大狂欢,人们尽情享受着改装易容互相恐吓的乐趣。
Halloween is one of children's favourite nights of the year. They dress up as monsters and go to their neighbours'houses. Knocking on the door they shout: "Trick or treat!" Of course, usually people give them "treats" - a like sweets and chocolates. But, if you don't, you can expect a prank such as having your car windows soaped or your garbage cans turned over.
万圣节前夜一年之中孩子们最喜欢的夜晚。打扮成妖怪去邻居家,敲着门大喊:“不给糖就捣蛋!”当然,人们通常会给“糖”——比如甜食或者巧克力。但你不给,那就等着一场恶作剧吧,你会你的车窗被涂上了肥皂,垃圾桶翻倒在地,等等。
Halloween is also a time for masquerade parties. Witches fly in on broomsticks, while ghosts and skeletons chat on the dance floor.
万圣节前夜举办化妆舞会的好时机。你会看到女巫坐着扫帚柄飞进来,鬼怪和骷髅则在舞池中窃窃私语。
You can even dress up as a famous monster like Dracula! The motto is: "The scarier, the better."
你还可以化妆成像吸血鬼那样可怕的妖怪。有句谚语说:“越恐怖越好。”
Even making Halloween food should be like casting a spell or mixing a magic drink. In Britain, people drink "Witch's Mix", made with apple, orange, grape and berry juice. Children also enjoy "Halloween Worms," made from egg noodles. And how do you like the sound of "Eye-Balls"? Don't worry, they're made with scoops of chocolate and vanilla ice cream, shaped like human eyes. Skeleton-shaped cookies are equally popular.
甚至连万圣节前夜做的食物也要像下了咒语或者配备魔法饮料。在英国,人们喝叫“巫师之饮”的东西,用苹果、橘子、葡萄和浆果的汁调配而成。孩子们还喜欢吃“万圣节虫子”,是用鸡蛋面做的。你觉得“眼珠子”听上去怎么样?别担心,那只是用几勺巧克力和香草冰激凌做的,只不过像是人眼的形状。头盖骨形状的饼干同样也很受欢迎。
A well-known Halloween tradition is to make lanterns from pumpkins, called "Jack-o-lanterns". First, the inside of the pumpkin is removed. Then, a face is cut into the pumpkin, traditionally a smiling, devil face. Finally a candle is placed inside, and the lantern is put at the front of the house to keep evil spirits away.
万圣节前夜的众所周知的传统用南瓜做成灯,叫“杰克灯”。,把南瓜里面掏空。然后在南瓜上切出一张脸孔,通常是一张笑眯眯的魔鬼面孔。最后,在里面放上一只蜡烛,然后把南瓜灯房子前面用来吓跑那些邪恶的幽灵。
Besides pumpkin cutting, "apple-bobbing" is another popular game. Several apples are put floating in water in a big bucket. Children have their hands tied behind their backs. They have to try to pick the apples out of the water using only their mouths. Of course, people get very wet and it is very funny to watch.
除了切南瓜,“叼苹果”很流行的游戏。把几只苹果大水桶里面飘浮着。孩子们的手被绑在背后。只能用嘴巴把苹果从水里叼。当然了,人们会全都湿淋淋的,光看着就很有趣。
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