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元旦节的来历英文介绍
元旦马上就到了，小伙伴们知道元旦有哪些来历吗?以下是小编帮大家整理的元旦节的来历英文介绍，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
the origin of New Years Day:
New Years Day, it is said to have originated from Zhuanxu, one of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, and has a history of more than 5000 years. The term "New Years Day" first appeared in the "Book of Jin": "Emperor Zhuan took the first month of Mengxia as the yuan, but in fact, it was the spring of the first day of the lunar new year
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Southern historian Xiao Ziyuns poem "Jieya" recorded the phrase "New Years Day in four seasons, early spring in ten thousand years of life". In Wu Zimus "Dream Liang Record" during the Song Dynasty, it is recorded that "the first day of the first lunar month is called New Years Day, which is commonly referred to as the New Year. This is the beginning of the annual festival.
In the Han Dynasty, Cui Wans "Inscription on the Three Sons Hairpins" referred to it as "Yuanzheng", in the Jin Dynastys Yu Chans "Ode to Yangdu" he referred to it as "Yuanchen", in the Northern Qi Dynastys "Song of the Grand Enjoyment of Emperor Xia" he referred to it as "Yuanchun", and in the Tang Dynastys Emperor Dezong Li Shis poem "Returning to Camp on the Day of the Yuan", he referred to it as "Yuanshuo".
Chinese New Years Day has always referred to the first day of the first lunar month in the summer calendar. The calculation method for the first day of the first lunar month was also very inconsistent before the reign of Emperor Wu of Han. Therefore, the New Years month and day have not been consistent throughout history. The Xia calendar of the Xia Dynasty used Meng Xi month (January) as the first month, the Yin calendar of the Shang Dynasty used La month (December) as the first month, and the Zhou calendar of the Zhou Dynasty used Dong month (November) as the first month. After Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified China, he designated the first month of the lunar calendar as Yangchun (October), which means the first day of October is New Years Day.
Starting from Emperor Wu of Han, Meng Xiyue (January) was designated as the first lunar month, and the first day of Meng Xiyue (the first day of the first lunar month in the summer calendar) was called New Years Day, which was used until the end of the Qing Dynasty.
In 1911 AD, the Xinhai Revolution led by Sun Yat sen overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty and established the Republic of China. Representatives of provincial governors held a meeting in Nanjing and decided to use the Gregorian calendar, calling January 1st of the lunar calendar "Spring Festival" and January 1st of the Gregorian calendar "New Years Day", but it was not officially announced at that time.
In order to follow the agricultural season and follow the Western calendar, the first year of the Republic of China decided to use the Gregorian calendar (which was actually used in 1912) and designated January 1st of the Gregorian calendar as the "New Year", but it was not called "New Years Day".
On September 27, 1949, the first Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference, while deciding to establish the Peoples Republic of China, also decided to adopt the universal Gregorian calendar, which we call the solar calendar. New Years Day refers to the first day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
In order to distinguish between the two new years of the lunar calendar and the solar calendar, and considering that the "Beginning of Spring" in the 24 solar terms of the lunar calendar falls before and after the lunar new year, the first day of the first lunar month is renamed as the "Spring Festival", and the first day of the first lunar month is designated as the beginning of the new year - "New Years Day" in the solar calendar, and is listed as a statutory holiday, becoming a national holiday for the people.
Expert: The term "New Years Day" has been used for over 4000 years as a Chinese "local product"
January 1st every year marks the arrival of a new year, and people are accustomed to calling this day "New Years Day", commonly known as the "solar calendar year".
Astronomical experts say that the term "New Years Day" is a Chinese "local product" that has been used in the Chinese lunar calendar for more than 4000 years. However, the current Gregorian calendar "New Years Day" was established in 1949, and with the arrival of 2014, it is only "65 years old".
元旦来历：
元旦，据说起于三皇五帝之一的颛顼，距今已有5000多年的历史。 “元旦”一词最早出现于《晋书》：“颛帝以孟夏正月为元，其实正朔元旦之春。 ”
南北朝时，南朝文史学家萧子云的《介雅》诗中有“四季新元旦，万寿初春朝”的记载。宋代吴自牧《梦粱录》中有关于：“正月朔日，谓之元旦，俗呼为新年。一岁节序，此为之首。 ”的记载。
汉代崔瑗《三子钗铭》中叫“元正”、晋代庾阐《扬都赋》一赋中称作“元辰”、北齐时的《元会大享歌皇夏辞》一辞中呼为“元春”、唐德宗-李适《元日退朝观军仗归营》一诗中谓之“元朔”。
中国元旦历来指的是夏历(农历、阴历)正月初一。正月初一的计算方法，在汉武帝时期以前也是很不统一的。因此，历代的元旦月、日也并不一致。夏朝的夏历以孟喜月(元月)为正月，商朝的殷历以腊月(十二月)为正月，周朝的周历以冬月(十一月)为正月。秦始皇统一中国后，又以阳春月(十月)为正月，即十月初一为元旦。
从汉武帝起，规定孟喜月(元月)为正月，把孟喜月的第一天(夏历的正月初一)称为元旦，一直沿用到清朝末年。
公元1911年，孙中山领导的辛亥革命推翻了满清的统治，建立了中华民国。各省都督代表在南京开会决定使用公历，把农历的1月1日叫做“春节”，把公历的1月1日称为“元旦”，不过当时并没有正式公布。
为了“行夏正，所以顺农时，从西历，所以便统计”，民国元年决定使用公历(实际使用是1912年)，并规定阳历1月1日为“新年”，但并不称为“元旦”。
1949年9月27日，第一届中国人民政治协商会议，在决定建立中华人民共和国的同时，也决定采用世界通用的公元纪年法，即我们所说的阳历。元旦，指西元纪年的岁首第一天。
为区别农历和阳历两个新年，又鉴于农历二十四节气中的“立春”恰在农历新年的前后，因此便把农历一月一日改称为“春节”，阳历1月1日定为新年的开始――“元旦”，并列入法定假日，成为全国人民的节日。
专家：“元旦”一词系中国“土产”已经沿用4000多年
每年1月1日，标志着新一年的到来，人们习惯将这一天称为“元旦”，俗称“阳历年”。
天文专家表示，“元旦”一词系中国“土产”，在中国农历中已沿用4000多年，但现行公历“元旦”为1949年所定，随着2014年的到来，它只有“65岁”。
Customs of New Years Day
1、 Worshiping gods and ancestors
The tradition of celebrating the Chinese New Year originated from the ancient farming ethnic groups "La Festival". The "La Festival" is a manifestation of the ancient peoples consciousness of "enjoying the gods first". People are accustomed to "worshiping ghosts and gods" and "gathering all things to enjoy them", forming the ancient custom of "offering sacrifices at the end of the year". Due to the conservatism of religion and customs, as well as the advocacy of rulers throughout history, this primitive "reverence for gods" ritual has been passed down from generation to generation and gradually evolved into the worship of the Kitchen God. There is a folk saying that goes, Three sacrifices to the stove, four sweeping of the house... This refers to the annual worship of the stove god on the 23rd (or 24th) day of the twelfth lunar month. Zao Shen, commonly known as Zao Jun, Zao Ye, and Zao Wang Ye, has been worshipped by the common people since its inception. People want to pray for blessings and prevent disasters, so they respectfully respect the Kitchen God.
On the 23rd or 24th of the twelfth lunar month, when the Kitchen God ascended to heaven to report the annual situation, people had to offer sacrifices to the Kitchen God. Maltose and wine were essential, and wine was meant to make the Kitchen God dizzy and disoriented. Maltose was sweet and sticky, and the Kitchen God could only speak good words after eating it. The common people use the phrase short hands for holding, soft mouth for eating in their worship of the Kitchen God. In the Song Dynasty, Fan Chengda wrote in his poem "Sacrifice to the Kitchen God": "It is said in ancient times that on the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month, the Kitchen God would go up to the sky to talk about things... I would send you drunk and full to the gate of heaven, and the long and short scoops would not return to the clouds, begging for profits and market share." The custom of worshiping the Kitchen God gradually faded away with the progress of society, and was replaced by ancestor worship. Worshiping ancestors during the Chinese New Year is not only a way to express condolences to our ancestors, but also to pray for their blessings and peace for the coming year. Ancestral worship usually takes place on the thirtieth day of the lunar new year. After sweeping the house, cleaning the courtyard, changing the door god, exchanging peach charms, and pasting Spring Festival couplets, ordinary people and families either go to the ancestors graves to worship, or hang the ancestors portraits on the main wall of the central hall, place offerings, light incense candles, and let the younger generations worship. The group New Years dinner that has been prepared for many days in the evening is usually held after inviting ancestors to "come" and enjoy it. Although the forms of ancestor worship vary in different regions, the meaning of "ancestor worship and prayer" is generally the same.
2、 Group New Years Eve dinner
According to folk legend, "Nian" was originally a monster from ancient times, which would come out to devour people at the end of each cold winter and the arrival of the new year. In order to defend against the predation of "Nian", ancient people gathered together, lit bonfires, and threw bamboo into them to make a loud explosion, scaring away "Nian". Since "Nian" is afraid of flames and explosions, people paste red couplets and set off firecrackers on New Years Eve, gathering to watch the New Years Eve in the bright candlelight. So, the custom of eating reunion dinner and keeping watch on New Years Eve was formed.
Tuan Nian Fan "is also known as" Nian Ye Fan "or" Fen Nian Fan ". According to the "Annals of Jingchu", the custom of eating Tuan Nian rice existed no later than during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The New Years Eve vigil also begins with eating the reunion dinner, which often takes several days to prepare. It is the most sumptuous family reunion banquet of the year for farmers, usually taking place at the time of lantern lighting, and some continue to eat until late at night. It can be seen how important this reunion dinner is. The customs of "Tuan Nian Fan" vary from north to south, but most of them have meanings. Northerners like to make dumplings, which means "to have children at a younger age"; Southerners like to make rice cakes, while Chu people like to make fish and meat cakes. "Gao" sounds similar to "Gao"; Braised whole fish is a prayer for surplus every year.
The common name for observing the New Years Eve is "Nian Nian", which was recorded in writing during the Northern and Southern Dynasties period. The curtain opens and the wind enters the tent, the candle burns out and turns into ashes. Dont doubt the weight of your hair, dont rush until dawn. On this New Years Eve, which is known as "one night for two years, five shifts for two years", family members reunite and gather together to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, expressing peoples beautiful expectations for the coming year.
3、 Congratulations on the Chinese New Year
The "Beiping New Year Ballad" says, "On the first day of the lunar new year, people wake up early and put on brand new clothes. They visit relatives and friends, exchange New Year greetings, and wish each other good luck and prosperity in the coming year. The usual order of "worshiping the New Year" in ancient times was: first worship heaven and earth, then worship ancestors, then worship the high hall, and then go out to worship relatives and friends. There were also different customs such as worshiping ones own family on the first day of the lunar new year, worshiping the Yue family on the second day of the lunar new year, and worshiping relatives on the third day of the lunar new year. It was not until the fifteenth day of the first lunar new year that the worship was considered complete. In ancient times, there were two types of New Year greetings: New Year greetings were to pay respects to elders, while New Year greetings were to congratulate each other among peers. In the Song Dynasty, relatives and friends would send each other congratulatory messages to celebrate the New Year, which was probably an early form of New Year greeting. In the Ming Dynasty, the design of New Years greeting cards became more exquisite, with not only the senders name and address printed on the stickers, but also congratulatory messages such as "Happy New Year" and "Good luck and good fortune" written on them.
4、 New Years money for blessings
During the Chinese New Year, younger generations pay New Years greetings to their elders. The elders should give the prepared "New Years money" to the younger generation, symbolizing "New Years greetings and blessings". It is said that "Nian Nian Qian" can suppress evil spirits, and because "Nian" sounds similar to "Sao", it is also known as "Nian Sao Qian". The younger generation can safely spend the new year by receiving the "New Years money". The New Years money can be given in public after the younger generation pays their respects, or it can be secretly placed under the childs pillow by parents on New Years Eve when the child is asleep. In the poem "New Years Money" by the Qing Dynasty poet Wu Manyun, it is said: "A hundred and ten coins are tied with colorful threads, and then used as pillows for self collection." The common people place "New Years Money" under childrens pillows to "suppress evil spirits", hoping that when evil spirits, demons, or legendary "Nian" harm children, they can use this money to bribe them and turn misfortune into good fortune. Of course, this is also a beautiful wish from the elders for the childrens safety and health in the coming year.
元旦节的习俗
一、拜神与祭祖
过年风俗源于远古农耕民族的“腊祭”。“腊祭”是古人“神先享用”意识的体现，人们习惯“索鬼神而祭祀”、“合聚万物而索享之”，形成“岁终出祭”古俗。由于宗教、风俗本身的保守性及历代统治者的倡导，这种原始时代的“敬神”礼俗代代相袭，并逐渐演化为祭灶神。民谚曰：“三祭灶，四扫屋……”即指每年的腊月二十三（或二十四）祭祀灶神。灶神，俗称灶君、灶爷、灶王爷，自灶神产生开始，老百姓就顶礼相拜。人们想祈福禳灾，便对灶王爷恭恭敬敬。
“二十三，糖瓜粘”，说的便是腊月二十三或二十四，灶王爷升天禀报一年情况时，人们要祭灶，麦芽糖和酒必不可少，酒是为让灶王爷喝得晕头转向，麦芽糖甜而粘，灶神嘴吃甜后只能说好话。民间百姓把“拿人手短，吃人嘴软”用在对灶神的供奉上。宋代范成大《祭灶诗》即云：“古传腊月二十四，灶君朝天欲言事……送君醉饱登天门，杓长杓短勿复云，乞取利市归来分。”祭灶风俗伴随社会的进步而渐渐淡化，取而代之的则是祭祖。过年祭祖，既是对祖先一个悼怀，也祈望祖先保佑来年的平安。祭祖一般在年三十，一般百姓人家在扫房子、净庭院、易门神、换桃符、贴春联之后，或举家去给祖先上坟祭拜，或把先祖的遗像挂在中堂正壁墙上，摆上祭品，点上香烛，让后辈祭拜。晚上那顿准备多日的团年饭，大都也是先请祖先“前来”享用后方可开席。各地祭祖形式虽不尽相同，但“祭祖祈福”的含义大致一样。
二、团年饭守岁
据民间相传：“年”原是太古时代的一种怪兽，每届寒冬将尽新春来临之际，便四出噬人。古人为防御“年”的掠食，便聚集在一起，燃起篝火，投入竹子使其爆裂出巨响，把“年”吓跑。既然“年”怕火光、爆响，人们每逢除夕便贴红对联、燃放爆竹，在烛火通明中聚集守更待岁。于是，便形成吃团年饭与除夕守岁的风俗。
“团年饭”又称“年夜饭”、“分岁饭”。根据《荆楚岁时记》记载，至迟在南北朝时已有吃团年饭的习俗。除夕守岁也是从吃团年饭开始，这顿饭常常得准备好几天，是农家一年中最丰盛的阖家团聚之宴，一般从掌灯时分入席，有的一直吃到深夜。可见这顿“团年饭”是何等重要。“团年饭”南北风俗各异，但大都有所寓意。北方人喜欢包饺子，意即“更岁交子”；南方人喜欢打年糕，楚地人喜欢做鱼肉糕，“糕”与“高”谐音；红烧全鱼则是祈祷“年年有余”。
除夕守岁俗名“熬年”，南北朝时期就有文字记载。“帘开风入帐，烛尽炭成灰。勿疑鬓钗重，为待晓不催。”在这“一夜连双岁，五更分二年”的除夕之夜，家人团圆，欢聚一堂，共叙亲情中辞旧迎新，寄托了人们对来年年景的美好期望。
三、恭贺拜大年
《北平年谣》有“三十日，黑夜坐一宿；大年初一，出来扭一扭。”新年正月初一，人们早起后穿上崭新的衣服，放过“开门炮”便走亲访友，相互拜年，恭祝来年大吉大利。古代通常的“拜年”顺序是：先拜天地，次拜祖宗，再拜高堂，然后出门拜亲朋友好，亦有初一拜本家、初二拜岳家、初三拜亲戚等不同的讲究，一直拜到正月十五，这年才算拜完了。古时有拜年和贺年之分：拜年是向长辈叩岁，贺年则是平辈间相互道贺。在宋代，亲朋好友之间会相互送帖恭拜新年，这大概是早期的贺年片。至明代，贺年片设计更加精致，帖上不仅印有送者的姓名、地址，还写有“新年快乐”、“吉祥如意”之类的祝辞。
四、压岁钱祈福
过年时晚辈给长辈拜年，长辈要将事先备好的“压岁钱”赐予晚辈，寓意“压岁祈福”。相传“压岁钱”能压住邪祟，因为“岁”与“祟”谐音，故又称“压祟钱”。晚辈得到“压岁钱”即可平安度过新岁。压岁钱可在晚辈拜年后当众赏给，亦可在除夕夜孩子睡着时，由家长愉偷地放在孩子的枕头底下。清人吴曼云《压岁钱》诗中云：“百十钱穿彩线长，分来再枕自收藏。”民间百姓将“压岁钱”放置孩子枕头下，正是为了“压祟”，期望在恶鬼妖魔或传说中的“年”去伤害孩子时，孩子可以用这些钱贿赂它们而化凶为吉。当然，这也是长辈们希望孩子们在来年平安健康的美好祝愿。
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