- 相关推荐
英语句子结构和分析
在现实生活或工作学习中,大家都经常接触到句子吧,句子可分为单句和复句,单句又可分为主谓句和非主谓句。那些被广泛运用的句子都是什么样子的呢?以下是小编为大家收集的英语句子结构和分析,欢迎阅读与收藏。
英语句子结构和分析
定义 :构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分:主语和谓语
次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
㈠主语(subject)
句子说明的人或事物
Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词)
She went out in a hurry.(代词)
Four plus four is eight.(数词)
To see is to believe.(不定式)
Smoking is bad for health.(动名词)
The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)
What he has said is true. (句子)
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
Show your passport, please. (名词)
She didnt say anything. (代词)
How many do you want? I want two. (数词)
They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词)
They asked to see my passport. (不定式)
I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
Did you write down what he said? (句子)
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
(四)连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。
The war was over.
They seem to know the truth.
Time is precious.
I’m not quite myself today.
That remains a puzzle.
I don’t feel at ease.
常见的系动词有be 动词,还有get ,become, turn, grow 等表 “变得”的词, 和感观动词sound, look, smel,taste,feel等。
(五)定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever boy.(形容词)
His father works in a steel work.(名词)
There are 54 students in our class.(数词)
Do you known betty’s sister?(名词所有格)
He bought some sleeping pills.(动名词)
There is a sleeping baby in bed.(现在分词)
His spoken language is good.(过去分词)
定语后置:
如果定语是由一个单词表示时,通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister.
We have a lot of work to do.
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now?
(六)状语
状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
I will be back in a while.
They are playing on the playground.
He was late because he got up late.
He got up so late that I missed the train.
I waited to see you.
He often went to school by bus.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
Please call me if it is necessary.
This book is very interesting.
He went to school in spite of his illness.
(七)宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 :
make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
I found the book interesting.
Do you smell something burning?
He made himself known to them.
She asked me to lend her a hand.
宾语补足语:和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。
(八)同位语
位于名词或代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况
We young people should respect the old.(名词)
He himself will do the experiment.(代词)
He is the oldest among them four.(数词)
He told me the news that our team won the game.(从句)
英语句子结构和分析
一、英语句子的基本结构
英语句子通常由主语(Subject)、谓语(Predicate)、宾语(Object)、定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial)和补语(Complement)等成分组成。其基本结构有以下几种:
1. 主 + 谓(SV)
例如:He smiles. (“He”是主语,“smiles”是谓语)
2. 主 + 谓 + 宾(SVO)
例如:She reads a book. (“She”是主语,“reads”是谓语,“a book”是宾语)
3. 主 + 系 + 表(SVP)
例如:The flower is beautiful. (“The flower”是主语,“is”是系动词,“beautiful”是表语)
4. 主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾(SVOO)
例如:He gave me a pen. (“He”是主语,“gave”是谓语,“me”是间接宾语,“a pen”是直接宾语)
5. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补(SVOC)
例如:They made the room clean. (“They”是主语,“made”是谓语,“the room”是宾语,“clean”是宾语补足语)
二、句子成分分析
1. 主语:句子所描述的主体,通常是动作的执行者或状态的主体。
可以是名词、代词、动名词、不定式等。
例如:The dog barks. (“The dog”是主语)
2. 谓语:表示主语的动作或状态。
通常由动词担任。
例如:She sings beautifully. (“sings”是谓语)
3. 宾语:动作的承受者或对象。
分为直接宾语和间接宾语。
例如:I bought him a gift. (“him”是间接宾语,“a gift”是直接宾语)
4. 定语:用于修饰或限定名词或代词。
可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、定语从句等。
例如:The red car is mine. (“red”是定语)
5. 状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。
可以是副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
例如:He runs fast. (“fast”是状语)
6. 补语:用于补充说明主语或宾语的性质、状态、特征等。
分为主语补足语和宾语补足语。
例如:The room was painted white. (“white”是主语补足语)
三、复杂句子结构分析
1. 复合句:包含一个主句和一个或多个从句。
例如:When I came home, my mother was cooking. (“When I came home”是时间状语从句,“my mother was cooking”是主句)
2. 并列句:由两个或多个并列的简单句通过并列连词连接而成。
例如:I like reading, but he likes playing sports. (“I like reading”和“he likes playing sports”是两个并列的简单句,“but”是并列连词)
四、句子分析实例
1. The tall man who is wearing a blue shirt is my teacher.
分析:“The tall man”是主语,“is”是系动词,“my teacher”是表语。“who is wearing a blue shirt”是定语从句,修饰先行词“man”。
2. Although it was raining hard, they still went for a walk.
分析:“they”是主语,“went”是谓语,“for a walk”是状语。“Although it was raining hard”是让步状语从句。
通过对英语句子结构的了解和分析,能够帮助我们更好地理解和运用英语,提高英语语言能力。
【英语句子结构和分析】相关文章:
经典英语句子结构分析10-12
英语的基本句子结构04-02
英语的基本句子结构解析03-30
英语句子结构大全10-24
英语句子结构练习题05-11
关于英语独立主格结构句子的使用03-18
小升初英语专项测试题:句子结构03-17
高考英语句子长难句分析12-14
常用的英语单词和句子11-22
和励志有关的英语句子03-12