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考研英语语法汇总
宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语,并有一个连接词引导。引导宾语从句的连接词分类:
(一)从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether。
1、that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句。当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。例如:
Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.
Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.
He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.
2、if和whether,whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。例如:
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车。
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
没有人知道他是否会通过考试。
3、注意已下情况只用whether,不用if。
1) whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用。例如:
Let me know whether you can come or not. (√ )
Let me know if you can come or not. (×)
2)当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导。例如:
Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell. (√ )
If it is true or not, I can’t tell. (×)
3) whether可以引导带to的不定式。例如:
I don’t know whether to accept or refuse. (√ )
I don’t know if to accept or refuse. (×)
4)whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语。例如:
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. (√ )
I worry about if I hurt her feelings. (×)
(二)连接代词
连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever, whichever等。连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述。例如:
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么?
The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么。
Have you determined whichever you should buy, an iphone or a samsung cell phone?
你决定好是买苹果还是三星手机了吗?
(三)连接副词
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。例如:
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。
Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?
你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到。
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