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考研英语长难句(优选)
考研英语长难句1
考研英语长难句拆分信号:
1、标点符号:比如,2个逗号形成插入语,破折号表示解释说明,分号相当于“and”表示并列;
2、连词:并列句的并列连词and、or、but、yet、for等,从句的从属连词which、that、when、how、if等;
3、介词:介词引导介词短语,介词短语在句子中可充当定语、状语等修饰成分;
4、不定式符号to:不定式符号to引导不定式短语,在句子中除了可以充当主语、宾语、表语、补语等主干成分外,还可做定语、状语等修饰成分;
5、分词:分词包括现在分词和过去分词,在句子中可充当定语和状语修饰成分。
下面我们就按照长难句拆分原则,依照这些拆分信号,结合考研英语阅读或翻译真题中的长难句进行实战演练一下吧!
1、{C}This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
(1)句子拆分
拆分点:从属连词、介词、标点符号
This trend began∥during the Second World War,∥when several governments came to the conclusion∥that the specific demands∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen∥in detail.
(2)句子结构
找谓语动词(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);
↓
找连词(when, that, that)
↓
前面没有从属连词的动词即为主句的谓语动词
↓
确定主从句
主句:This trend began during the Second World War;
从句:定语从句when several governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second World War,本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个三级从句that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
(3)解析
during the Second World War介词短语做状语;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail做定语修饰the Second World War;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位语从句修饰conclusion;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
(4)本句的参考译文
这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府得出结论:政府向科研机构提出的.要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
总之,只要考生对句子结构有个透彻的理解,弄清句子的各个成分,并可以借助连词、介词、非谓语动词等手段把句子由简单变得复杂,由复杂变得简单,这样句子结构分析技能提高了,长难句也就攻克了,对于考研阅读和翻译的理解也就简单了。
考研英语长难句2
The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
译文:作为环境研究的先驱者,斯坦福大学的Paul Ehrlich认为,科学的真正的敌人是那些对全球变暖、臭氧层稀薄和工业发展带来的其他后果表示怀疑的人。
分析:这个句子主语和谓语成了类似插入语的成分,插在了句子中间,表明的是发表这个观点的是什么人(姓名与身份)。而该句的主要内容在于argue所跟的宾语从句。这个宾语从句中的宾语those有一个who引导的较长的定语从句,其中who是主语,question是谓语,the evidence是宾语,宾语后面跟的现在分词短语修饰的是evidence,这个现在分词supporting后面跟了三个并列宾语。
【词汇指南】
摘自《十天搞定考研词汇》(王江涛、刘文涛)
Stanford University 美国斯坦福大学
environmental [in,vairn'mentl](adj.)环境的;有关环境(保护)的(CET-6、考研词汇)(20xx年-阅读3)(al-形容词后缀)
考点搭配:be environmentally sound 无害环境的(20xx年-阅读2)
question['kwestn](n.)问题,疑问(v.)询问,探问;质疑(中考词汇)(20xx年-阅读2、20xx年-阅读2、20xx年-阅读4)
1个派生词:
● questionable ['kwestnbl](adj.)可疑的,不可靠的;成问题的(CET-6、考研词汇)(20xx年-阅读1)(question-问题,疑问,able-可以的 → 可疑的,不可靠的;成问题的)
support [s'p:t](vt.)支撑;支持,拥护;供养(高考词汇)(20xx年-阅读1、20xx年-阅读4)(sup-下,port-词根,拿来 → 从“下面”拿住、保持住——即“支撑”,引申为“支持,拥护;供养”。因为“供养”说白了就是“支撑”、养活家庭。近义词:sustain)
考点搭配:receive support from 获得…的支持(20xx年-阅读1)
1个派生词:
● supportive [s'p:tiv](adj.)支撑的.;支持的(20xx年-阅读3、20xx年-阅读2、20xx年-阅读2、20xx年-阅读3、20xx年-阅读4)
考点搭配:
supportive adult 提供支持的成年人(20xx年-完型)
be supportive of 支持…(20xx年-阅读2)
lay [lei](vt.)放置,铺设;设置;躺下(中考词汇)(20xx年-阅读3)(la=land-土地,地面;y=ify-动词后缀 → 放在地上——即“放置,铺设”,引申为“设置”和“躺下”。)
考点搭配:get laid off 解雇,下岗(20xx年-阅读3)(注意,laid是lay的过去式和过去分词)
industry ['indstri](n.)① 工业;产业,行业 ② 勤奋(中考词汇)(20xx年-阅读1、20xx年-阅读2、20xx年-阅读4、20xx年-阅读1、20xx年-阅读2)(in-向里,dust-灰尘,烟尘,ry-名词后缀 → 向空气中排放大量的烟尘——即“工业”,引申为“产业,行业”。而该词之所以还表示“勤奋”,源于工业社会,人人勤奋,惰者淘汰!)
考点搭配:
auto industry 汽车工业(20xx年-阅读3)
data-rich industries 数据丰富的行业(20xx年-阅读4)
building industry 建筑行业(20xx年-阅读3)
1个派生词:
ɡrow[ɡru](v.)生长,发育;发展;成为(中考词汇)(20xx年-阅读3)(有学者认为,该词具有象形色彩。其中,ɡ-花蕊,r-小草,o-太阳,w-水 → 在太阳和雨水的滋润下,花蕊和小草茁壮“生长”,后引申为“发展”和“成为”。)
考点搭配:
slow-growing animals 生长缓慢的动物(20xx年-阅读3)
a growing number of越来越多的(20xx年-阅读3)
1个派生词:
●ɡrowth [ɡruθ](n.)生长,发育;增长,发展(高考词汇)(20xx年-阅读3)(该词是ɡrow的名词形式,th-名词后缀)
考研英语长难句3
The study shows that nearly half the organizations featured in the Times Top 100 Graduates Employers plan to expand their graduate programs this year, increasing the total number of vacancies available for new graduates by more than 10 percent compared with 20xx recruitment levels.
【核心词汇】graduate a.毕业生 v.毕业 vacancy n.空缺,空位 recruitment n.补充,征募新兵 compared with与……相比
【结构分析】本句是复合句。主干是主谓宾结构,其中谓语shows的宾语由that引导的名词性从句that nearly half the organizations featured in the Times Top 100 Graduates Employers plan to expand their graduate programs this year充当。现在分词结构increasing the total number of vacancies available for new graduates by more than 10 percent compared with 20xx recruitment levels作状语从句,可以理解为结果状语,by表示增加的幅度。句末的过去分词结构compared with 20xx recruitment levels作比较状语。
【参考译文】研究表明,《时代》重点介绍的排名前100名的毕业生雇主单位中有将近一半计划今年将扩大毕业生招生规模,为新的.毕业生增加利用的空缺职位数量,这个数量与20xx年的招募水平相比,会增加10%以上。
考研英语长难句4
Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
【核心词汇】
involve v.涉及,卷入
professional n. 专业人员a.专业的,职业的
spread v.伸展,延展
corporation n.企业,社团,公司
【结构分析】
本句主干是 this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional,这里的主语this指的是文章中的professional training,接着的地点状语in a country,其中country后面带了两个定语,前一个是形容词性的短语as large as ours,后一个是where引导的定语从句where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations,而这个从句的主语the economy有两个谓语动词is和involves,后面都用了相似的结构so many,表示强调。
【参考译文】
此外,在我们这么大的.一个国家里,经济延展到这么多的州,涉及这么多的国际公司,因而要培养出所需数量的各类专业人员是不太可能的。
考研英语长难句5
对于考研的同学来说,考研英语的准备似乎要更提前一点,要想取得一个好成绩。光靠考前的突击是不够的,需要平时一点一滴的积累。本文为广大考生整理20xx考研英语3大长难句技巧,更多考研英语一和英语二的区别、考研英语题型大纲及重点词汇等备考资料,欢迎访问北京研究生招生信息网。
应对长难句的方法是化长为短,分层理解。首先,抛开句子的修饰部分或附加成分,找出句子的主干部分,并理解其意义。然后,分析句子的修饰成分或附加成分,观察其内容结构,弄清各成分之间的逻辑关系,理解其意思。最后,将主干内容与各修饰成分结合在一起,从整体上理解句子。
根据对历年真题阅读理解A节中长难句的研究,我们按照其突出的语法现象归为并列句、名词从句、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词、插入语、倒装、其他特殊句式等八个类型,其中其他特殊句式还包括存在句、强调句、with结构、省略句和the... the...结构。
下面将基于这个分类进行讲解,以帮助考生找到突破阅读文章中长难句的门径。
1、并列句
并列句指在语意上对等的两个或两个以上的、由连接词连接起来的分句。并列句内各分句之间可构成同等、条件、因果、结果、转折、对比和让步等关系。连接词通常有and,but,or,while,yet,however,so,therefore,for等。因此,对于这类句子,首先要找到连接词,同时弄清各分句之间是什么关系,然后根据语境和句际关系正确理解句意。例如:
【20xx年Text 4】Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn't have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping,baby-size holes in their lives.
感觉不幸福的父母们很少会反思自己是否不该养孩子,但那些不幸福的没有孩子的夫妇们却总是受到类似言论的困扰:孩子是世界上最重要的东西,他们之所以生活得不幸福,显然是由这种没有孩子的缺憾造成的。(but连接的并列句,表示转折;后一分句中又包含由冒号隔开的两个分句,后句对前句进行解释说明)
2、名词从句
名词从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句四种,它们在句中起名词的作用。对于这类句子,在阅读时可先不理会从句的内容,只将其视为一个名词,在确定主句的主干部分(即主、谓、宾结构)之后,再来确定这一层次的内容。
【20xx年Text 1】l However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, orwhether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
然而,这种公平意识是独立地从人或卷尾猴身上进化而来的,还是源于二者3500万年前共同的祖先,目前还不得而知。(whether引导的两个并列主语从句作句子的主语)
【20xx年Text 4】l But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting "the Rachel" might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.
但是,我们每周看到的那些无忧无虑的'、幸福感越来越强的父母形象,是不是在以一种不明显的、无意识的方式不让我们对养育孩子的实际情形感到不满,就像我们中的少数人希望剪个瑞秋式的发型可能会使我们看起来有一点儿像珍妮弗o安妮斯顿一样,想想这些,确实非常有趣。(if引导的宾语从句作动词wonder的宾语)
【20xx年Text 3】l The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more(and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.
同样剧烈的技术变革为营销人员提供了更多的且不同的通讯选择,同时也增加了风险,因为情绪激动的消费者会以更快、更明显和更具破坏性的方式表达他们的意见。(that引导的同位语从句作the risk的同位语)
【20xx年Text 2】l What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented-and human perception far more complicated-than previously imagined.
在试图模拟人类思维的过程中,研究人员发现,人脑中约一千亿个神经细胞远比以前想象的聪明,人类的感知方式也远比想象中的复杂。(what引导的主语从句在句中作主语,that引导的表语从句在句中作表语)
3、定语从句
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用,与主句关系紧密,是主句不可缺少的部分,它与主句之间通常不用逗号分隔。而非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不十分紧密,只是对先行词进行说明、描述或解释,或对整个主句陈述的事实和现象加以概括或补充说明,其前有逗号。对于这类句子,要先借助关系词分清主次部分,由于其起修饰限定作用,在阅读时,可先将其忽略,弄懂主干意思之后,再来对付从句部分。
(1)限制性定语从句
【20xx年Text 3】l In fact, the way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisionsmeans that marketing's impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.
如今消费者对于作出购买决定这一过程的处理方式,意味着市场营销的影响力来自于传统付费媒介以外的广泛因素。(省略了that的定语从句修饰先行词the way)
注意:在the way,the day,the time,the moment,the instance等之后,关系词that,when,where或"介词 + which"常常省略。
【20xx年Text 3】l We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.
我们将这种售出媒介定义为流量巨大、可以吸引其他机构前来投放内容或电子商务引擎的自有媒介。(关系代词whose引导的定语从句修饰先行词owned media)
【20xx年Text 2】l Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure?
还记得科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡,而怀疑者们却坚持认为我们对此尚不能确定的那些年吗?(关系副词when引导的定语从句修饰先行词all those years)
【20xx年Text 1】l Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performanceare missing the point.
那些忠实的音乐会观众反驳说现场演出绝非唱片所能替代,但是他们没有看到问题的实质。(关系代词who引导的定语从句修饰先行词devoted concertgoers)
(2)非限制性定语从句
【20xx年Text 2】l Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.
目前,美国国家最高专利法庭似乎已经做好了充分准备要缩减商业方法专利的数量,而该项专利自十年前首次被授权以来便饱受争议。(关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句补充说明先行词business-method patents)
【20xx年Text 2】l Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.
其他现存模式是以上三种模式的结合体,比如延迟开放存取模式,在论文发表后的头六个月中杂志只允许其订阅者阅读论文,其后才对想阅读该论文的公众免费开放。(关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词delayed open-access)
考研英语长难句6
It is much easier to say “Great idea!” when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team, than it is to take the time to explain why an employee’s favorite brainchild isn’t going anywhere except the circular file.
【核心词汇】
terrific a.极好的,很棒的
solution n.解决方案,溶液
favorite a.最喜爱的,中意的
put forward提出
brainchild点子,想法
circular file废纸篓
【结构分析】
本句成分复杂。以逗号为切入点,得到一个比较级结构It is much easier to say “Great idea!” ...than...。It是形式主语,前半部分的真正主语由不定式结构to say “Great idea!”...充当,这里包含一个when引导的时间状语从句when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team,使用了被动语态的现在完成时,在翻译时,我们将状语提前,且化被动为主动。后半部分真正主语为to take the time to explain...,explain后的宾语是why引导的'宾语从句why an employee’s favorite brainchild isn’t going anywhere except the circular file。
【参考译文】
当团队中的某个人提出极好的解决方案时,说“好主意”要比花时间解释为什么一个职员最喜欢的想法最终被抛弃容易得多。
考研英语长难句7
长难句的特点
英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句,复杂句里可能有多个从句,从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套,也可能并列或平行。从功能来说,英语有三大复合句,即:①名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。
一般说来,英语长句有如下几个特点:
1、结构复杂,逻辑层次多;
2、常须根据上下文作词义的`引申;
3、常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断’
4、并列成分多;
5、修饰语多,特别是后置定语很长。
考研英语长难句分析类别
第一类:复杂修饰成分
句子本不难,但是修饰成分多且长。1、从句(定语、状语、同位语从句等)修饰;2、介词短语修饰;3、分词修饰;4、不定式修饰。经常是在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语,且都不止一个。
例:The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that community perceives as essential.
分析:主语是The methods,谓语是come into being,that a community devises to perpetuate itself为定语从句,修饰the methods,不定式to表示目的状语,that community perceives as essential为定语从句,修饰the cultural legacy。
译文:一个社会设计出来保存自己的方法得以形成来保持那个社会认为最重要的一些方面。
第二类:大段的插入与或同位语,打断读者的思路,割裂前后之间的语义,造成理解的困难。我们称之为“打岔”。
例:Moreover, I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of art that are interpretations, rather than representations, of reality.
分析:在浏览该句时,发现句子中出现了双逗号,其中间的内容rather than representations为插入语,浏览的时候先跳过。这样就可以看到把that are interpretations 和of reality连接起来了。That引导定语从句,修饰objects of art。
译文:而且,我从艺术品上能够感到强烈的情感。艺术品是对现实的阐释,而非代表现实。
第三类:语序调整或倒装
为了平衡句子的结构或强调一些内容,通常会人为地对句子进行句序调整。
例:Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.
分析:否定副词nowhere放在句首,所以句子出现部分倒装。注意:more 与否定词nowhere一起使用,相当于最高级。dramatize此处的意思是“突出显示,使…戏剧化”。
译文:1980年美国的人口普查数据表明,没有哪个地方比美国最西部更能突出显示美国人想寻找更广阔的生存空间。
第四类:省略
相对以上三种来讲比较简单,在短句中大家一般都可以看出。
但是如果在长句中出现,特别是如果与以上三种之一甚至几种同时出现,也会给同学们带来很大的困难。
例:That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
分析:该例句中which引导的定语从句修饰sex ratio,由于谓语句子主干较短,所以进行了后置。另外,and并列的后半句省略了主谓语that sex ratio maximizes。正常语序:That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants will be favored and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
作为一名英专汪,我也觉得长难句真的是如其名,又长又难,所以大家还是要多花些功夫。
考研英语长难句8
1998年真题Section III Reading Comprehension Text2第2段 第5句
There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.
译文:正如财政部长Robert Rubin所说的,生产力发生飞跃的商业传奇与统计数字所反映的情况之间存在着一种“脱节”。
分析:理解这个句子先要找出它的核心句:There is a "disjunction" between the mass and the picture,中间的人名及其职位可以当作插入语。between后面的名词带有一个that引导的.定语从句,修饰的是business anecdote,that在这个从句中充当的是主语;and后面的名词the picture后面跟的是过去分词reflected,表示的是一种被动关系。
【词汇指南】
摘自《十天搞定考研词汇》(王江涛、刘文涛)
secret ['si:krit](adj./n.)秘密(的),机密(的)(中考词汇)(20xx年-阅读1)(se-分开,分离,cr=cover-遮盖,覆盖,et=ed-的 → 单独分离出来的、妥善“遮盖”起来的——即“秘密(的),机密(的)”。)
say [sei](v.)说,讲(中考词汇)(20xx年-阅读2)
考点搭配:an old sayinɡ has it that 古语有云(20xx年-阅读2)
mass [ms](n.)众多,大量;团,块,堆;大众(adj.)大量的,大规模的;大众的(高考词汇)(20xx年-阅读1、20xx年-阅读4)
考点搭配:
mass media 大众传播媒体,海量媒体数据;新闻界(20xx年-阅读1、20xx年-阅读4)
mass communication 大众传播(20xx年-阅读4)
mass-produced clothing 批量生产的服装(20xx年-阅读1)
1个派生词:
● massive ['msiv](adj.)大而重的,厚实的,粗大的;大规模的(CET-6、考研词汇)(20xx年-阅读3、20xx年-阅读4、20xx年-阅读1)(ive-的)
考点搭配:massive amounts of sth. 大量的某物(20xx年-阅读1)
anecdote['nik,dut](n.)轶事,趣闻(CET-6、考研词汇)(an-否定,ec=ex-向外,出去,dot=dit-词根,说,讲,e-尾缀 → 不是正式向外公布的、而是私下里传说的小道消息——即“轶事,趣闻”。当然,我们也可以用谐音“艾尼克逗她”来速记该词→ 艾尼克逗她,给她讲“趣闻”。)
1个派生词:
● anecdotal ['nek,dutl](adj.)轶事的,趣闻的(超纲词汇)(20xx年-阅读3)(al-的)
picture['pikt](n.)画,画像;图片;照片(中考词汇)(20xx年-完型)(pict=paint-绘画,ure-名词后缀 → 画,画像——引申为“图片、照片”。)
reflect [ri'flekt](v.)反射;反映;反省(CET-4)(20xx年-阅读3、20xx年-阅读4、20xx年-阅读2)(re-回,反,flect-词根,折叠 → (光线等)往回折叠、往回折返——即“反射”,引申为“反映;反省”。)
考点搭配:reflect on 思考,思索(20xx年-阅读2)
statistics [st'tistiks](n.)统计(学);统计数字,统计资料(CET-6、考研词汇)(20xx年-阅读1)(stati=state-国家,ist-表人,ics-…学 → 有关“国家”人口的统计之学——即“统计(学)”,引申为“统计数字,统计资料”。)
考研英语长难句9
The energy used to separate oxygen from air before burning is almost as great as that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards, leading to a similar loss of efficiency.
【核心词汇】
separate v.使分离,使分开
filter v.过滤,渗透
efficiency n.效率,效能
lead to 导致
【结构分析】
本句是主系表结构,主干是The energy used to separate oxygen from air before burning is almost as great as that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards,使用了as...as...结构,其中被比较的对象that needed to filter out nitrogen afterwards中,that指代上文的`energy,过去分词结构needed to...作后置定语体现被动。其中主语energy由过去分词结构used to separate oxygen from air before burning作后置定语体现被动;句末的现在分词结构leading to a similar loss of efficiency做全句的结果状语。
【参考译文】
燃烧前将氧气从空气中分离所需要的能源几乎与随后将氮气过滤所需的耗费一样多,这就使得两者在效率损失上不相上下。
考研英语长难句10
( 20xx年真题Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Text 2第2段 第2句)
The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us
主语 系动词 表语 后置定语1 后置定语2 后置定语3
that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.
宾语从句1 连词 宾语从句2
译文:最近一次,是白宫召集的美国国家科学院的专家组告诉人们,地球的大气层确实在变暖,而这一问题主要是人类造成的.。
分析:该句中含有很多后置定语,需要在理解的时候找到句子主干,并认清定语成分。该句的主干为The latest was a panel…,表语panel 后面有三个后置定语,包括由介词from和过去分词enlisted引导的结构,以及不定式to tell us…。其中不定式结构中含有两个并列的宾语从句,由and连接,分别为that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming和that the problem is largely man-made。
【词汇解析】
panel ['pnl](n.)面板;控制板,仪表盘;座谈小组,专门小组(CET-4)(20xx年-阅读2、20xx年-阅读2)(pan=plane-平面,el-后缀 → 面板——引申为“控制板,仪表盘”。而该词之所以还表示“座谈小组”,是因为“座谈小组”在开会时都是围坐在一张圆桌前。)
enlist [inlist](v.)征募,入伍;谋取,赢得(支持等)(超纲词汇)(20xx年-阅读2)(en=in-向里,进入,list-单子 → 把名字写入单子里面——即“入伍,招募”,引申为“谋取,赢得(支持等)”;因为“谋取支持”的过程,就是“招募”支持者的过程。)
考研英语长难句11
1、Instead, we are treated to fine hypocriticalspectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radicalbooks who takes his meals in three star restaurants; the journalist advocatingparticipatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolledin private schools.
[译文] 相反,我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚伪景观:美国物欲主义批评家在南安普顿拥有一幢避暑别墅,激进图书的出版商在三星级餐馆就餐,倡导终生参与民主制的新闻记者把自己的子女送进私立学校。
[分析] 本句的主句是 we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles。非限定性的定语从句 (which now more than ever seem in ample supply)修饰 spectacles。冒号后面的成分是三个并列的名词性短语,其核心词分别是critic,publisher 和 journalist。spectacles 在文中意为“壮观景象”,有一定的反讽意味。
2、This does not mean thatambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed.
[译文] 这并不意味着抱负已经穷途末路,人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了;而只是说明人们不再公开地以它为荣,更不愿公开地坦承了。
[分析] 这是一个简单句,主干是 this does not mean,后面接了三个并列的 that 从句作 mean 的宾语。在第三个宾语从句中,it 指代 ambition,no longer openly honored 是插入语,作该从句的状语。that people no longer feel its stirrings andpromptings 意思是 that people are no longer stirred and promptedby ambition。
3、The attacks on ambition aremany and come from various angles; its public defenders are few andunimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive.
[译文] 对抱负的攻击非常之多,而且观点不尽相同;公开为之辩解的则少之又少,而且并不为人注意,尽管他们并非一点吸引力也没有。
[分析] 此句是用分号隔开的两个并列句,后面的一个分句中有一个 where 引导的定语从句,从整体上来修饰 its public defenders,只不过先行词用了 where。
4、Theastonishing distrust of the news media isn' t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorialskills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and theirreaders.
[译文] 对新闻媒介这种令人震惊的不信任,其根源并非是报道失实或低下的报道技巧,而是记者与读者的世界观每天都发生着碰撞。
[分析] 本句的主干是一个 not…but… 结构。注意这个结构引导的是两个方式状语。其核心词分别是inaccuracy 和 the daily clash。本句的'主干是 The astonishing distrust of the news media isn' t rooted。 两个分词短语充当句子的状语。
5、Luckily , if the doormat orstove failed to warn of coming disaster , a successful lawsuit might compensateyou for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, whenjuries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes.
[译文] 幸好,如果门垫和炉子忘了提醒你可能的危险,一切成功的诉讼就会赔偿人的损失。大约从20 世纪 80 年代初开始,陪审员开始越来越多的裁定公司必须为其顾客的不幸负责。
[分析] 句子本身并不复杂, 两个句子表达了人们的想法。在第一个句子中, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster 是指门垫或炉灶没有警示语。在第二个句子中,or so the thinking has gone 是一个倒装结构,正常的语序应该是 orthe thinking has gone so(或者说人们是这么想的)。
考研英语长难句12
Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
【核心词汇】
convince v.使确信,使信服
injurious a.有害的
intellect n.智力,知识分子
character n.品质,特征
taste n.味道,品味
【结构分析】主干是Darwin was convinced that ,宾语从句是一个由not only...but 连接的并列句,且but之后是由and连接的'有一个并列句,and后省略了部分成分,补全应该是“might more probably be injurious to the moral character”。
【参考译文】达尔文认为,失去这些品味,不仅失去了幸福,还可能损伤智力,甚至更可能对道德品质有害。
考研英语长难句13
为帮助各位考生更好的复习,下面是为大家介绍考研经典长难句分解。
1.Over the past few years one of thebiggest questions in climate science has beenwhy, since the turn of the century, averagesurface-air temperatures on Earth have notrisen, even though the concentration in theatmosphere of heat-trapping carbon dioxide hascontinued to go up.
参考译文:在过去的几年中,气候科学中最大的问题就在于,为什么,自从本世纪以来,即使大气中吸热的二氧化碳气体聚集的越来越多,地球表面平均的气温也没有上升。
2.This“pause” in global warming has been seized on by those skeptical thathumanity needs to act on to curb greenhouse-gas emissions or even (in the case ofsome extreme sceptics) who think that man-made global warming itself is a fantasy.
词汇突破:seized on 抓住(并利用);
those skeptical that +句子:这种用法在传统的语法中并不多见,但是在经济学人这样的杂志中还是挺多的.。
其实就等于those who doubt that+句子 ,大家记住就好。
参考译文:全球变暖的暂停被这些人抓住并加以利用。他们本来就不认为人类需要采取行动来控制温室气体的排放。甚至其中一些极端的质疑者认为人为的全球变暖本身就是一种幻想而已。
考研英语长难句14
People with a grasp of the law ofconservation of energy are, however, skepticalin their turn of these positions and doubt thatthe pause is such good news. They wouldrather understand where the missing heat hasgone, and why- and thus whether the pausecan be expected to continue.
考研英语词汇突破:
grasp 理解
law of the conservation of energy 能量守衡定律
Position 观点,态度
in their turn 轮到他们
be skeptical of sth = don’t believe in sth 质疑某事
考研英语参考译文:那些理解能量守衡定律的人也相应的表达了他们对于以上观点的质疑。他们不相信这种放缓是一个好消息。他们知道丢失的热量去了哪里以及为什么会这样,从而知道这次放缓是否可持续
The most likely explanation is that it is hiding in the oceans, which store nine timesas much of the sun’s heat as do the atmosphere and land combined.
考研英语参考译文:最有可能的解释就是这些热量藏在了海洋里。海洋里所储存的太阳的热量是大气和大陆所储存的.热量的九倍。
But until this week, descriptions of how the sea might do this have largely comefrom computer models.
考研英语参考译文:但是直到这周,对于海洋如何储存更多热量的描述大多来自计算机模型。
Now, thanks to a study published in Science by Chen Xianyao of the OceanUniversity of China, Qingdao, and Ka-Kit Tung of the University of Washington, Seattle,there are data.
考研英语参考译文: 现在,一篇科学杂志上发表的文章向我们表明,这件事情是有数据支持的。
Dr Chen and Dr Tung have shown where exactly in the sea the missing heat islurking.
考研英语参考译文:两位博士向我们展示了丢失的热量在海洋中的准确位置。
考研英语背景阅读:过去15年地球变暖的速度明显放缓,令科学界困惑不已。中美科学家在美国期刊《科学》报告说,可能是因为许多热量被存储到了大西洋和南大洋深处,这一变暖减缓现象还将持续15年左右。该报告的作者之一、中国海洋大学的陈显尧教授表示,由于人类大量排放温室气体,过去150多年中全球气温一直在持续上升。
考研英语长难句15
1. Priestly explains how the deep bluecolor of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows todepartment stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless foundher garment.(20xx T1 P1)
翻译:Priestly解释了她的女助理身穿的那件毛衣的深蓝色多年来是怎样从T台沦落到百货商店,又如何从百货商店沦落到打折区中, 毫无疑问,这个可怜的姑娘最后在这里(打折区)淘到了它。(20xx T1 P1)
2. This top-down conception of thefashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverishworld described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of“fast fashion”. (20xx T1 P2)
翻译:这个时尚业自上而下的概念太过时了,或者说它和Elizabeth Cline在《过度着装》(Elizabeth Cline用三年时间所写的对于“快时尚”的控诉)一书中所描述的狂热世界大相径庭。(20xx T1 P2)
3.In December 20xx America’s FederalTrade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option tointernet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not wantto be followed.(20xx T2 P3)
翻译:20xx年12月,美国联邦贸易委员会提议在互联网浏览器中添加一个“禁止追踪”的选项,这样用户可以告知广告商们他们不想被追踪。(20xx T2 P3)
4. Unable to tell whether someonereally objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’sdefault, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. (20xx T2 P6)
翻译:由于无法判断人们是真的反对行为广告还是他们坚持使用微软浏览器的默认设置,一些广告商可能会忽视“禁止追踪” 的标签,继续追踪(人们的网上痕迹)。(20xx T2 P6)
5. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, ithas chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default willbecome the norm. (20xx T2 P7)
翻译:如果微软试图击败几乎完全依靠广告业务的谷歌,那么它选择了一个并不直接的方法: 我们无法保证把“禁止追踪”作为默认设置会成为行业准则。(20xx T2 P7)
6. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatenedspecies of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) andyou will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widelydistributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threatsresulting in an overall population decline.”(20xx T3 P3)
翻译:在国际自然保护联盟的“濒危物种红色名单”中查阅“智人” 这一条目,你会看到:“因为此物种分布广泛,适应性强,目前数量正在不断增加, 并且没有导致该物种数量下降的主要威胁, 因此该物种被列为了无危物种。”(20xx T3 P3)
7. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: wehave now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of theplanet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situationsin which our descendants will find themselves.(20xx T3 P6)
翻译:正如很多时候,过去掌握着通往未来的钥匙:我们现在已经对塑造地球和历史的长期模式有了很充分的认识,我们可以以此为依据来预测我们子孙后代的生存环境。(20xx T3 P6)
8. The Constitutional principles that Washington alonehas the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federallaws precede state laws are noncontroversial.(20xx T4 P2)
翻译:宪法规定只有华盛顿政府有权利去“制定统一的入籍规则”,以及联邦法律优先于州法律,这两项都是毋庸置疑的。(20xx T4 P2)
9. The Administration was in essence asserting thatbecause it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no stateshould be allowed to do so either. (20xx T4 P7)
翻译:政府实质上一直声称因为自己并不想执行国会的移民意愿,所以它(政府)也不允许任何州这样做。(20xx T4 P7)
10. On first hearing, this was the socially concernedchancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” toan obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newlyunemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. (20xx T1 P2)
翻译:乍一听,这是一位关心民生的财政大臣正试着去帮人们改善生活,包括去“改革”一个明显纵容的社会(福利)系统, 它对新失业者要求甚少并且还滋生懒惰。(20xx T1 P2)
11. What motivated him, we were to understand, was hiszeal for “fundamental fairness”— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spendingand ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. (20xx T1 P2)
翻译:然而我们要明白,他的动机是源自于对 “基本公平”的热情—保护纳税人,控制开销并且确保只有那些最应得的救济的申请者才能申领救济金。(20xx T1 P2)
12. There is pressure for change from within theprofession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keepingoutsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make moneyrather than serve clients ethically. (20xx T2 P5)
翻译:行业内部也有改革的压力,但是反对改革的管理者坚持认为禁止外人(外部资金) 进入律师事务所使得律师远离赚钱的压力, 而按照职业道德更好地为客户服务。(20xx T2 P5)
13. In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in lawfirms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging lawfirms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus onimproving firms’ efficiency. (20xx T2 P6)
翻译:实际上,通过律所运用新的技术, 招募致力于提升公司效率的职业经理人, 允许非律师拥有律师事务所的股份,将会降低成本,提升服务(质量)。(20xx T2 P6)
14. There is just one path for a lawyer in most Americanstates: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then athree- year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American BarAssociation and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. (20xx T2 P3)
翻译:在美国的绝大多数州想成为律师只有一条途径: 首先在(与法律专业)不相关的'专业读四年本科,然后在经过美国律师协会授权的200所法学院中读 3 年的法学学位,并且再花巨资准备律师资格考试。(20xx T2 P3)
15. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipientsper prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by thecollaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by theinevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discoveryof the Higgs boson. (20xx T3 P4)
翻译:但是诺贝尔学奖关于每个奖项限三名获奖者,而且他们必须在世的限制已经因为现代科学的合作方式而变得不再适用,并将会在承认希格斯玻色子的发现时被证明,因为到时会不可避免的出现哪位科学家被忽视了这样的争论。(20xx T3 P4)
16. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, aswell as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism. (20xx T4 P2)
翻译:该委员会由51名委员组成,在他们当中,有顶级高等学校的校长、学者、律师、法官以及企业经理,还包括了外交、电影、音乐和新闻界的杰出的人物。(20xx T4 P2)
17. The commission ignores that for several decadesAmerica’s colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know thecontent and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of itsbenefits. (20xx T4 P4)
翻译:委员会忽略了数十年来存在的问题,美国大学所培养出来的毕业生并未真正了解人文教育的内容和特点,因此并没有从中获益。(20xx T4 P4)
18. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economistsare warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth,it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolicheart of modern democratic states. (20xx T1 P4)
翻译:当 ThomasPiketty和其他经济学家开始对于日益加剧的不公和继承财富的权利发出警告时,那些富有的贵族家庭依然被看做是现代民主国家象征就显得令人费解了。(20xx T1 P4)
19. While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smartenough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have mostto fear from the Spanish example. (20xx T1 P6)
翻译:查尔斯应该明白:正如英国历史所示,共和党并非君主制最大的敌人,国王(本身的言行) 才是君主制最大的敌人。(20xx T1 P6)
20. The Supreme Court will now consider whether policecan search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is onor around a person during an arrest. (20xx T2 P1)
翻译:现在,最高法院将要考虑的是警察是否可以在没有搜查令的情况下搜查在逮捕期间的嫌疑人的手机内容。(20xx T2 P1)
21. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendmentprotections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could takereasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while awarrant is pending. (20xx T2 P6)
翻译:当面临严重紧急情况时他们仍然会违反第四修正法案的保护条例,他们需要采取合理的措施来确保在没有拿到搜查令的时候手机数据不会被删除或修改。(20xx T2 P6)
22. Asked whether any particular papers had impelled thechange, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated byconcerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis inscientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increasereproducibility in the research we publish.” (20xx T3 P3)
翻译:当被问及是否是某篇特定的出版物促使了这个变化,McNutt回答道:“统计委员会的设立是受对科学调查的统计应用和数据分析的广泛担忧所驱使的,并且它是杂志整体趋势的一部分,用以增加出版文章的可复制性。” (20xx T3 P3)
23. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrotein 20xx, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers whoare statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. (20xx T3 P6)
翻译:他在20xx年写到研究者应该提升他们的标准,而杂志也应该采取一个更加严格的路线“参与的审查者应该具有统计学知识,并且编辑应该核实这一流程”。(20xx T3 P6)
24. One of the astonishing revelations was how littleRebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought toask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. (20xx T4 P4)
翻译:其中一个令人惊讶的事实是Rebekah Brooks竟不知道她的编辑部所发生的事,也没想到自己会被审问,事实上,她也从未过问事情是怎样发生的。(20xx T4 P4)
25. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions abouthow her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave noinstructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers. (20xx T4 P6)
翻译:Brooks女士可能怀疑或可能没怀疑过她的记者们是如何得到他们所写的故事的, 但是她没有询问,没有做出指示,即没有得到可追溯的记录下来的回答。
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