托福细节题阅读考试技巧

时间：2021-01-18 20:48:00 托福考试我要投稿

托福细节题阅读考试技巧

　　TYPE 1 细节题

托福细节题阅读考试技巧

　　这类题在考试中的比重最大，也是最容易拿分的，既然都已经说了是细节题，那么考点是文章的细节中，而不是有关全文的，所以说，我们读懂一段中的一小部分就可以做题了。

　　一般是这几种问法：

　　1. According to the passage……，……?

　　2. It is stated in paragraph X

　　3. It is indicated in paragraph X

　　4. It is mentioned in paragraph X

　　这类题的本质就是同意转述，做题流程，

　　1 读题，抓取关键字

　　2 用关键字回原文定位，找到定位句(不一定是一句，有可能是一两句)。还有一个方法能帮助我们定位，题目的顺序和文章的顺序是一致的，所以前后题的位置可以帮助我们找定位句，但是这个在考试的时候作用不大，因为考试界面是每次只出现一道题。

　　3 读明白那句话

　　4 回头看选项，选出和那句话同意义的句子。

　　错误选项的特点：1原文中没提到的 2与原文相反的 3定位句之外的。前两种比较常见

　　这类题一般都是直接选择，我看到有些同学喜欢用排除法，我个人建议，这种题没必要用排除法，第一浪费时间，人家看完了A直接选了，你看完ABCD，把原文忘了再回头找，人家都做到第三题了!第二它的错误选项本身就胡编乱造的，基本都和正确选项完全不沾边，看它没什么意义甚至会误导你。

　　针对上面列出的做题流程我一步一步讲解，就拿我们昨天做过的文章举例

　　Paragraph 1：In the late sixteenth century and into the seventeenth, Europe continued the growth that had lifted it out of the relatively less prosperous medieval period (from the mid 400s to the late 1400s). Among the key factors behind this growth were increased agricultural productivity and an expansion of trade.

　　1. According to paragraph 1, what was true of Europe during the medieval period?

　　○ Agricultural productivity declined.

　　○ There was relatively little economic growth.

　　○ The general level of prosperity declined.

　　○ Foreign trade began to play an important role in the economy.

　　1先读题，抓取关键词，关键词一定是名词，为什么?因为名词可以作主宾语，形容词，副词起的永远是修饰作用，但是是不是就不看了呢，也不是，我说的是把名词当成关键点，可没说只看它，定语或者状语是帮助我们定位的。对于这道题，关键词就是Europe，然后看一下后面的状语，是在medieval period

　　2 用找到的关键词找定位句，有同学说第一句，我说不准确，第一句的后半句，In the late sixteenth century and into the seventeenth是状语，

　　我前面说了，状语快点看!

　　定位句就是Europe continued the growth that had lifted it out of the relatively less prosperous medieval period

　　3下面就是看懂定位句了，回到了我们所说的内力的修炼，读句子的能力，分析一下这句话，that引导的`是growth的定语从句，发展让欧洲脱离了十分贫瘠的欧洲中世纪时期，说明中世纪的Europe是十分贫瘠的，下面进入第四步

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　　4 信息我们已经拿到手了，回头看选项吧，

　　A选项Agricultural productivity第一不在定位句中，第二第二句里面人家也没说decline

　　B 选项 relatively little economic growth就是the relatively less prosperous的同意转述，所以它是对的

　　做题做到这就ok了，要对自己有信心，不要总觉得自己选的不对，忐忑着继续看其它选项，为了让大家熟悉题型和思路，我继续分析其他两个选项

　　C选项还是原文没有的，根本没提过decline

　　D选项看到Foreign trade就可以不往下看了，明显的原文没提到的!

　　注：读选项的时候同样注意名词，道理和我们从question中选择关键点是一样的。

　　再给个例子，还是昨天作业里面的，

　　Paragraph 2：Populations cannot grow unless the rural economy can produce enough additional food to feed more people. During the sixteenth century, farmers brought more land into cultivation at the expense of forests and fens (low-lying wetlands). Dutch land reclamation in the Netherlands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries provides the most spectacular example of the expansion of farmland: the Dutch reclaimed more than 36.000 acres from 1590 to 1615 alone.

　　3. According to paragraph 2, one effect of the desire to increase food production was that

　　○ land was cultivated in a different way

　　○ more farmers were needed

　　○ the rural economy was weakened

　　○ forests and wetlands were used for farming

　　解析：细节题，关键词:effect,结果， increase food production.定位句：Populations cannot grow unless the rural economy can produce enough additional food to feed more people. During the sixteenth century, farmers brought more land into cultivation at the expense of forests and fens (low-lying wetlands).

　　第一句说的是increase food production的原因，第二句才是effect。farmers brought more land into cultivation at the expense of forests and fens (low-lying wetlands).直接选D 。AB都是文章没提的。C是与文章相反的，rural

　　economy并没有weakened

　　以上就是做细节题的一般流程和思路，这些都很正统，并不无耻，下面教大家的是如何投机取巧，利用文章本身给出的条件快速做题。先提醒一下，无耻技巧只是锦上添花的，而不是主菜，超过百分之八十的题还是要用上面的思路做!

　　无耻技巧1：带程度副词的，比如only well clearly往往都是错的，这种选项往往很有迷惑性，因为它看似是同义转述，实际确扩大或缩小了词义(说的好抽象呵呵)

　　比如原文说，我打了他，选项：I hit him severely，这个选项一定是错的，人家有没说怎么打的，又没说经脉尽断，你为什么要主观臆断他狠狠的打了呢??!!这个不仅仅适用于细节题，还适用于推断题，讲推断题的时候我给大家举个例子。

　　无耻技巧2：类似于程度副词，一般有more than或者比较级的都是错的，原文没有比较，你不能自己给人家比较，比如说她很美，选项是她比杨幂美，(杨幂是我最喜欢的女明星哈)，那么这个选项都是错的。哪怕是对的，我也不会选，因为在我心中，杨幂是最美的呵呵!

　　无耻技巧3：敏感于数字，当定位句中有数字的时候，数字之间的比较就是考点。

　　For example：

　　Paragraph 9: The muscles of these fishes and the mechanism that maintains a warm body temperature are also highly efficient. A bluefin tuna in water of 7°C(45°F) can maintain a core temperature of over 25°C(77°F). This warm body temperature may help not only the muscles to work better, but also the brain and the eyes. The billfishes have gone one step further. They have evolved special "heaters" of modified muscle tissue that warm the eyes and brain, maintaining peak performance of these critical organs.

　　10. According to paragraph 9, which of the following is true of bluefin tunas?

　　○Their eyes and brain are more efficient than those of any other fish.

　　○Their body temperature can change greatly depending on the water temperature.

　　○They can swim in waters that are much colder than their own bodies.

　　○They have special muscle tissue that warms their eyes and brain.

　　解析：

　　第一步先找关键词，关键词是bluefin tunas，这两个词不认识，没关系，到现在我都不认识，直接换成BT就可以了，

　　第二步回去找定位句，在第二句中首次出现了BT，并且出现了两组数字，那么这两组数字的比较就是考点。

　　第三步，读明白这句话，在7°水中的BT可以有一个超过25°的核心温度。

　　第四步，看选项吧，

　　A选项，就是我刚说完的无耻技巧2，more than是错的，原文是说了eyes and brain，也给了很高的评价，说maintaining peak performance of these critical organs. 但是却没有和其它生物比较，所以它是错的。

　　B选项，无耻技巧1出现了，greatly，谁告诉你greatly了??!!!即使你不会这个技巧，这个选项本身就是与原文相反的，它们的能力是在不同的水温中保持稳定的体温，而不是change。

　　C选项，无耻技巧3，数字的比较，7°的水和25°的体温，就是in waters that are much colder than their own bodies.

　　D选项，我之前说的细节题选项的错误特征里面的第三种，比较有迷惑性的，原文有，但是不在定位句之内，关键词是bluefin tunas，D选项说的是The billfishes，考点信息之外。

　　无耻技巧4：这个算不上无耻技巧，正常的思路吧，原文说A和B不同，B有C特征，那么答案是A没有C特征。这种题比较考读长句的能力，通常形式是

　　A differ from B，which(B的定语从句，说明B的特征C)

　　或是unlike A，B怎么怎么有C的特征，

　　e.g.

　　Paragraph 4: With the advent of projection in 1895-1896, motion pictures became the ultimate form of mass consumption. Previously, large audiences had viewed spectacles at the theater, where vaudeville, popular dramas, musical and minstrel shows, classical plays, lectures, and slide-and-lantern shows had been presented to several hundred spectators at a time. But the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment, which depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.

　　6. According to paragraph 4, how did the early movies differ from previous spectacles that were presented to large audiences?

　　○They were a more expensive form of entertainment.

　　○They were viewed by larger audiences.

　　○They were more educational.

　　○They did not require live entertainers.

　　第一步，还有找关键词early movies和previous spectacles，你要注意了，early movies就是上面说的A，previous spectacles就是B，那么寻找B的特征就ok了。

　　第二步，找定位句吧，我说了无非两种一个differ from的一个unlike的，很容易找到了But the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment, which depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.

　　第三步，分析，But the movies(A) differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment(B), which(定语从句说出B的特征)

　　depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.

　　Or后面的成分，我之前说过 a1ora2读一个即可，所以，后面很长很闹心的部分，不读了!

　　第四步，ABC我们都找到了，回头看选项吧，

　　选项A 原文没提的

　　选项B 无耻技巧2 不能比较

　　选项C 还有原文没提的

　　选项D did not require live entertainers.不就是没有B的depended on either live performance的特征么

　　细节题的总结到此为止，技巧的东西要活学活用，自己先看看理解了，然后运用到做题中变成你自己的，做题的时候要不以对喜，不以错悲，给你篇阿拉伯语的阅读按照几率乱选你也能对三四个，所以，每道题都要认真反思，弄清楚出题思路和选项设置，这样才能有提高!不然就陷入了the more you 作，the more you 错的痛苦深渊!

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