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托福独立写作经典合集(15篇)
托福独立写作经典1
一个字眼,一个是题,心里要满装着题目,一个字一个标点也要看得清清楚楚,不可以有哪怕一个空格的疏漏。另一个是破,要对题目里的每一个单词都细嚼慢咽,深刻理解,读过了的词如百步穿杨,准确无误的明了其所指,这也包括该单词的引申含义,言外之义。
此处将以从OG提供的195道例题中随机抽的一题为例,进行详细示范。
Nowadays, food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
我们看见了一个nowadays,指的是现代生活,现今时代,今年甚至是今天,也就是我们正在每天体验的生活。我们又看到food,今天的人们有什么吃的呢?健康饮食理念者爱吃生疏加熟粗粮,不健康饮食理念者也有肯德基麦当劳。儿童有糖果饼干果冻,大街上随处都有的.买。正规家居过日子的人也有各种原料和佐料等着下厨。这个food指的是什么呢?继续看,food has become easier to prepare,有个比较级,是要和谁比较,比较什么?
从to prepare判断,原来是比较准备出食物的难易程度,这不可能是和人们还不知为何状的未来的食物相比,那么就是和过去,也就是和传统食物相比了。这个比较可以从多种角度入手。
围绕着现代食物比较容易准备,我们能够轻易想到的有:准备时间缩短了,食用方式可能改变,营养价值可能改变,人们烹调时的心情改变,食用心情改变,对身体的长远影响改变,烹调方面节省下来的时间可以用在其它方面,导致生活节奏改变,生活重心改变,长此以往情趣格调改变,兴趣爱好改变,乃至性情改变等等等等。
从题目给出的条件,我们得到了这么多可能的后果,那么题目问的是什么呢?has this change improved the way people live ?大汗无语中,从上面的破题结论看来,这个论题有着太多的选择方向。那么多可以改变的条目,我们选什么做立意之根本呢?请看:新托福独立写作技巧解析之思路立意篇
托福独立写作经典2
提问法是以问题为导向,引起读者兴趣,引导你的'读者跟随你的思路走进你的思维世界。请参见下面的例子:
1. There has been undesirable trend in recent years towards the worship of money. A recent survey showed that X percent of respondents ranked getting rich as their top priority, compared to X percent only a few years ago . Why do people fail to realize that wealth does not necessarily bring happiness ?(提问法)
2. Should parents spare the rod and spoil the child ? Opinions concerning strict parental discipline vary widely . Some view strict discipline as nothing more than a form of abuse , while others argue it is an essential factor for instilling appropriate social behavior .(提问法)
托福独立写作经典3
新托福考试的最后一部分是写作,要求考生写2篇文章,第一篇叫做综合写作(Integrated writing),让考生用3分钟时间先读一篇约250字的文章,然后听一段2分钟关于对所读内容的评论。再让考生写一篇150到225个字的文章。这篇文章的写作满分详解及满分模板作者早已给出。
第二篇作文叫独立写作,和笔考、机考均无两样,给定考生一熟悉的话题,让考生在30分钟内写一篇300字的`文章。典型的问法是:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement- One should never judge a person by external appearance. Use specific reasons and details to support you answer。不少同学又跟笔者要独立写作满分详解及满分模板。实际上独立写作详解和模板笔者在很多年前便给出了模板,但不知何故网上和笔者的电脑中再也寻不着。只有提起笔来结合笔者再次参加新托福考试的经验给各位同学重新总结新托福独立写作模板和高分写作技巧。
评分标准1:effectively addresses the writing topic and task。
要求考生有效地阐明主题,考生千万不要跑题。从笔者的教学经验看,考生全部跑题现象较少,但是局部跑题现象十分严重,这也是考生不能轻取高分的缘故。
评分标准2:well organized and well developed
逻辑条理清楚,发展充分。每次作者在讲写作时总是把它和阅读相对照。各位考生要想拿到独立写作满分必须真正理解八股文的结构,千万不要写中国式的八股文,而应写出美式八股文。
评分标准3:uses specific details and examples to support you view 。
考生的论据一定要具体、明确,且对论点有支持作用,而不能空洞和泛泛而谈。
评分标准4:displays language facility by demonstrating syntactic variety, word choice and idiom。
(通过谴词造句和习惯表达来展示语言的熟练程度)这一点是各位考生经常忽视, 迷惘和不清楚的一点。新托福作文占总分120分的30分。我们对大家的要求是在作文上花的时间既要少又要拿高分,至少28分。凡是想拿到28分甚至满分以上的同学一定要注意此项评分标准。能用first千万不要用firstly,能用finally千万不要用last but not least. 不少同学花了很多功夫背这一外国人都不用的词组,能用常用的词千万不要用偏词,同时我们要熟练掌握ETS喜欢的5大语法结构和2种从句。
作文要不要写-当然要写,但我建议考生不要写的太多,写一篇要像一篇,最好让行家改2-3篇。我曾经碰到一个学生把185篇中的184篇均写了。拿给我看,结果同样的错误在184篇均反复出现,让我哭笑不得,一问才知说是老师这么教的。学托福需要勤奋,但像这种勤奋就等于浪费青春岁月。
作文要不要背-最好不要通篇背,可以背一些经典的句型。倘若真要背,一定要认准此篇作文是范文的情况下才能背。
这4个评分标准哪条更重要-这主要取决于考生对作文考分的期望值。若要考满分,此4点均重要。千万不能跑题,一跑题可就是0分了。考试费也就白交了。
托福独立写作经典4
The most important leadership quality for CEOS?
For CEOs, creativity is now the most important leadership quality for success in business, outweighing even integrity and global thinking, according to a new study by IBM. The study is the largest known sample of one-on-one CEO interviews, with over 1,500 corporate heads and public sector leaders across 60 nations and 33 industries polled on what drives them in managing their companies in today's world.
Steven Tomasco, a manager at IBM Global Business Services, expressed surprise at this key finding, saying that it is "very interesting that coming off the worst economic conditions they'd ever seen, [CEOs] didn't fall back on management discipline, existing best practices, rigor, or operations. In fact, they [did] just the opposite."
About 60% of CEOs polled cited creativity as the most important leadership quality, compared with 52% for integrity and 35% for global thinking. Creative leaders are also more prepared to break with the status quo of industry, enterprise and revenue models, and they are 81% more likely to rate innovation as a "crucial capability."
Other key findings showed a large disparity between views of North American CEOs and those from other territories.
For example, in North America, 65% of CEOs think integrity is a top quality for tomorrow's leaders, whereas only 29-48% of CEOs in other territories view it as such.
Ironically, while company leaders in North America will bring more integrity to the job, they also expect far more regulation than foreign heads — both presumably reactions to negative public perception and heavy government intervention following the recession. A full 87% anticipate greater government oversight and regulation over the next five years — only 70% of CEOs in Europe hold this opinion, and 50% and 53% in Japan and China, respectively. Meanwhile, nearly double the amount of CEOs in China view global thinking as a top leadership quality, compared with Europe and North America.
The area of focus the regions can all agree on is customer focus: 88% of all CEOs, and an astounding 95% of standout leaders, believe getting closer to the customer is the top business strategy over the next five years.
托福独立写作经典5
托福独立写作模板:Agree/Disagree
Some people argue as if it is a general truth that a ...But to be frank, I cannot agree with them. There are numerous reasons why I hold no confidence on them, and I would explore only a few primary ones here.
The main problem with this argument is that it is ignorant o the basic fact that...Explain...
Another reason why I disagree with the above statement is that I believe that...
What is more, some students are interested in...
In a word, ...
托福独立写作模板 Agree/Disagree
Some people prefer to A, others believe B, Nowadays some may hold the opinion that ..., but others have a negative attitude. As far as I am concerned, I agree/disagree that... MY arguments for this point are listed as follows.
One of the primary causes is that...
Examples...
But there is a further more subtle point we must consider. Examples.
What is more... Examples...
General speaking ... Recognizing the fact that ...should drive us to conclude that...
托福独立写作模板 Agree/Disagree
Nowadays, some may hold the opinion that ... But others have a negative attitude. As far as I am concerned, I agree that ... My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
I agree with the statement that ...without reservation since ...
Another reason why I agree with the above statement is that I believe that...
In a word, ... Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that...
托福独立写作经典6
1.托福独立写作得5分情况
An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:
●Effectively addresses the topic and task
●Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and/or details
●Displays unity, progression, and coherence
●Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors
2.托福独立写作得4分情况
An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:
●Addresses the topic and task well, though some points may not be fully elaborated
●Is generally well organized and well developed, using appropriate and sufficient explanations, exemplifi-cations, and/or details
●Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though it may contain occasional redundancy, digression, or unclear connections
●Displays facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety and range of vocabulary, though it will probably have occasional noticeable minor errors in structure, word form, or use of idiom-atic language that do not interfere with meaning
3.托福独立写作得3分情况
An essay at this level is marked by one or more of the following:
●Addresses the topic and task using somewhat developed explanations, exemplifications, and/or details
●Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though connection of ideas may be occasionally obscured
●May demonstrate inconsistent facility in sentence formation and word choice that may result in lack of clarity and occasionally obscure meaning
●May display accurate, but limited range of syntactic structures and vocabulary
4.托福独立写作得2分情况
An essay at this level may reveal one or more of the following weaknesses:
● Limited development in response to the topic and task
●Inadequate organization or connection of ideas
●Inappropriate or insufficient exemplifications, explanations, or details to support or illustrate generaliza-tions in response to the task
●A noticeably inappropriate choice of words or word forms
●An accumulation of errors in sentence structure and/or usage
5.托福独立写作得1分情况
An essay at this level is seriously flawed by one or more of the following weaknesses:
●Serious disorganization or underdevelopment
●Little or no detail, or irrelevant specifics, or questionable responsiveness to the task
●Serious and frequent errors in sentence structure or usage
6.托福独立写作得0分情况
An essay at this level merely copies words from the topic, rejects the topic, or is otherwise not con-nected to the topic, is written in a foreign language, consists of keystroke characters, or is blank.
托福独立写作经典7
一.审题
在托福独立写作考试中,考生应该学会审题,如果考生在审题中出现失误的话,就算考生的论述再清晰,也不会取得高分的。根据以往的独立写作的题目,前程百利小编认为,可以把独立写作中的题型分为观点选择类,比较对比类。建议考生在看到题目的时候,首先把题目通读1-3遍,着重看在题目中的名词和动词,如果题目中给出了两个观点或者是一个观点的两个方面,要求考生进行比较论述并给出个人的观点,那就是观点选择类的题目,比如在TPO1中,问考生agree or disagree with the following statement就是观点选择题;如果要求考生根据两个对立的观点做出选择就是比较对比类型的题比如在TPO11中了,让考生在针对人们关于电脑的两个不同的认知中进行选择就是这类题目。
二.怎样谋篇布局
在确定题目类型之后,考生就应该进行谋篇布局了。但是小编认为,不管是什么类型的题目,考生在组织论述的.时候都应该采用五段式的方式表达自己的观点,而且需要考生注意的是,在确定论点先后顺序的时候应该慎重,要有逻辑性的安排这些论点。比如考生可以按照这些论点的重要性进行排列,把最能表达自己观点的部分放在首位,把最不能表达自己观点的内容放在最后一个自然段进行论述;或者考生在安排论点的时候可以按照范围的大小来进行排列,总之一定要有逻辑。
1.观点选择类
在这个题目中,考生直接选择其中的一个观点写就可以了,一定要注意不要将在题目中出现的不同的观点进行对比,在表明自己观点的基础上,考生可以选择三个方面进行论证,这些论点之间可以是层层递进的关系,也可以说平行关系,最后再总述论点即可。我们以TPO5为例,如果考生选择的是不同意这个People today spend too much time on personal enjoyment-doing things they like to do rather than doing things they should do观点的话,就可以这样采用平行的方式展开论述。首先现代社会提倡人们追求自由,越来越多的人从其中收益了即As the development of democracy, the ideas and behaviors of individual are respected and encouraged to some extent.其次人们这样选择并不意味着大家放弃了accountability 即However, spending much time on personal enjoyment does not indicate that people ignore their accountability which should be taken.最后追求个人的享受,帮助大家去assume the responsibility 。
2. 比较对比类
在托福写作中的比较对比型文章中,考生一定要注意选择其中的一方,不要写中立观点的文章。在开头的过程中,考生就要选择好自己要支持的观点,做到有效的回应题目,阐明文章主题。在正文部分也就是2-4自然段,在论证的过程中,考生可以从日常生活中比如家庭,生活,社会这几方面进行选择,在论证的过程中,如果考生并没有那些华丽的辞藻可以补充自己的观点,建议考生选择直接论证的方式,说两点自己选择的好处,然后说另一个选项的不好的地方,并且用举例子的方式来证明自己的观点。比如在TPO13中,如果考生认为 the extended family is still important就可以从以下来论述。首先,从家庭的角度来说,人多了可以帮助家里做的事情多了,即One of the important uses of the extended family is to help with family affairs and housework.其次从社会的角度来说,人多了就意味着家里人可以获得信息的渠道增多了。Another important thing that extended family can to is to provide information to and educate family members. 最后,说小家庭的不好,家庭小了人们容易变得孤独。In addition, nowadays people tend to live alone with their small care family rather than live with many family members within a big family.
托福独立写作考试并不像大家想象中的那么困难,所以考生应该在掌掌握以上技巧和方法的基础上,采用历年真题不断练习,争取在考试中取得高分!
托福独立写作经典8
托福写作的评分标准
新托福写作考试由两部分组成:综合写作和独立写作。
综合写作:考生先阅读一篇短文,再听一段相关内容的讲座录音,讲座的演讲者直接讨论短文中的观点,要求考生把演讲者就短文观点发表的看法写成一篇摘要。
独立写作:要求考生针对某一话题发表个人的观点,并用具体的理由和事例来支持自己的观点。每篇作文都由两位评分人员根据统一的评分标准,在0~5分的范围内评分(只给整数分数),而后取平均值,最后将这个平均值转换为30分制。
综合写作评分标准
1.内容的完整性和准确性。简单地说,就是文章是否有将讲座中的关键信息点完整、准确地提取出来(通常情况下有三点),并和阅读材料中的相关内容有效地一一对应。如果讲座中的信息点有缺失,那么会有一定程度的扣分;如果只写了有关阅读材料的观点,得1分。
2.文章的组织机构,词汇和语法的正确性和准确性。高分的作文需要做到条理清晰,结构连贯,用词恰当,能够准确地表达讲座中的观点与阅读材料中的观点是如何相互联系的,只要作文中的错误不至于使内容表述出现误解,一些偶尔出现的语言错误,如单词拼写、单复数问题等,不会对作文成绩产生很大影响,当然,错误肯定是越少越好的。
独立写作评分标准
1.有效回应题目,阐明文章主题。一般来说,独立写作完全跑题的情况很少,但是很多考生在展开讨论时所采用的论据,比较容易出现跟主题关联性不大的情况,即局部答非所问的现象,从而影响了得分。
2.逻辑条理清楚,论证充分展开。这一点的关键在于文章论证的展开,是否提供了大量的细节和例子来支持观点,而非泛泛而谈地说理。比如说某位同学的英文写作能力很强,我光说很强,很厉害,写得很好都很表面,但是我如果说这位同学托福写作考了29分,那么就是很细节很有说服力的论据了。
3.内容连贯一致,衔接自然流畅。达到内容连贯一致的文章通常全文围绕中心论点展开,而不会论据自相矛盾,也不会重复论证,有时候通过一些表示因果、先后、递进的关系连词可以起到粘合剂的作用。
4.遣词造句地道,语言驾驭娴熟。托福考试终究是语言考试,最终还是要考查考生的语言运用能力,但是要注意的是,并不是要求考生通篇都用难词偏语长句,而是要会变化着用一些美国人常用的语句把自己的想法表达清楚,所以建议考生尽量多阅读和模仿英文原版材料,这样写出来的文章才能够原汁原味。
提升写作能力的重要性
由托福评分标准可见,托福写作能力是语言运用的精髓与核心,对于在外国留学的中国学生,尤其是有志于进入文商科领域的学生来说,“写”是一条生命线,直接关乎课业和工作的成败。以写作形式提交的测试或者论文占据了GPA的极大比重,这事实上对于母语非英文的亚洲学生来说是利好的,如果没有以书面形式呈现的作业,一般来说稍显内向的学生很难在激烈的英语课堂辩论中占据任何优势。从更深层次上来说,“写”代表了个人内心声音的倾诉,展现了理解知识的深度和思考的结晶,镌刻了一个人的思想由青涩到成熟的印记。而到了工作阶段,对于任何与文商科有关的职业,例如律师,会计师,分析师,翻译,记者等等来说,写作都是最基本与核心的质素,无论是撰写报告,公文,信函……写作的重要性常常为学生们所忽视,因此到了大学和工作之后往往要加倍偿还。
托福考生常见问题
大部分的学生在托福写作中所展现出来的英文写作问题主要集中在以下几点:
一、逻辑匮乏
连贯地把一个观点言之成理地表达出来,是完成任何写作任务的第一要务,在英文写作中尤其要注意两点,第一,不要被辞藻的华美和句式的复杂绕进去了,英文应该以几个关键词为骨架,再以此为基础进行增删修饰,所以不要文过饰非,表达片段化;第二,对于低龄学员来说,尤其要注意平行论点之间是否有重叠,交叉的地方,同时,要注意事实,结果和基准之间是否处在一条直线上,是否在逻辑上具有一致性。
二、论据意识不强
托福写作评分标准当中对于“事实和论据”有着明确的要求,“口水话”是任何应试型写作的大忌。论据的积累事实上也应该成为写作教学的重要一环,其中理论型的论据需要教师的讲解和提炼,也需要学生“思接千载,视通万里”,不局限于单一科目,把多门学科当中的原理和事实融入进论点的阐发过程,比如心理学中的“延迟满足”效应,经济学里“马太效应”等等,都应该是写作可以信手拈来的材料,但是这一块是传统的写作教学比较忽视的;而事实论据也是大有文章可做的,最可靠的是数字,对数字的敏感度的培养应该从小开始,不能成为短板;其次是概括性的事实,大部分的低龄学员在抽象概括能力上需要严格的训练,在初期需要思维模型的打造,比如判定一种行为的利弊,可以借用“个人-社区-社会”的经典分层,或者在工作类的话题上,对不同类型的职业进行单独分析……
最后要强调的是具体事例,此处必须明确的一点是具体事例写作绝对不等同把个人经历做成流水账,而是要加以概括,把枝枝叶叶的部分砍掉,把意识流一般的叙事套进一个整饬的模具当中,这个模具就是段落的大意和行文的逻辑。
三、遣词造句不地道
托福的阅卷人不知道看过多少篇以 “with the development of society”(随着社会的发展)开头的作文,这种毫无个人创建的模板化也只能保证一个更加平庸的分数。其次,玩弄大词,不用小词,不区分书面语和口语,都是由于平时不阅读,不积累,所造成的坏账和恶果。8岁时就出版个人专著《飞扬的手指》,12岁就走上TED演讲台的美国华裔神童邹奇奇(Adora Svitak)从三岁就开始博览群书,去听一听她的那篇名为《成年人能从孩子身上学到什么》的演讲,我们或许可以知道,任何神童和奇迹的产生,都是“积跬步”和“积小流”的结果。
四、冗余现象严重
如果我们试着把一段中文翻译成英文,再把这段译文和典范的英文进行对比,就可以发现大多数人的翻译都要比典范英文长一截。这恰恰是写作刚刚入门,又无法达到精通程度的学生最容易遇到的问题。英文写作的原则应该是“less is more”,写得精炼远远好于长篇大论,如若英文写作要从中低端迈入高端,这背后需要调动介词,比如“otherwise”这种介词,80%的学生都不会用,或者害怕用;此外,把从句以合成词的方式的呈现出来,用上data-driven这样的结构,此处不一一赘述。
综上所述,英文写作首先是一种审美教育。审美是任何有效语言学习的最佳入门途径,语文课上,不少人因为《春江花月夜》“江畔何人初见月,江月何年初照人”这样让人震撼的名句而爱上了这门学科,而英文的审美力量常常为模式化的教学所忽视。读原著,是长期构建英文写作能力的核心所在,例如我们如果有幸读一读爱德华·吉本的《罗马帝国衰亡史》,会看到,罗马帝国“囊括世上最美之疆域”,在其“古老声威与严整军容”的震慑下,敌军不敢来犯,市民“尽享富庶生活,甚而奢华挥霍”。(The Empire “comprehended the fairest part of the earth”. Rome’s enemies were kept at bay by “ancient renown and disciplined valour”. Citizens “enjoyed and abused the advantages of wealth and luxury”.)用词之准确精妙,如果不经过长期的培养和学习,是无论如何也现想不来的'。
其次,英文写作也是一种思维训练。随着学力的增长,不同等级的标准化考试对于逻辑的要求也会越来越高。从托福的角度来说,可能观点行文言之成理即可,而到了SAT阶段,则把明确地提炼出作者态度,谋篇布局,并对其高明之处进行剖析的能力列入了考察范围,光靠死记硬背,显然是难以应付这一阶段考试的。而到了申请研究生的时候,GRE,GMAT和LSAT的作文考试,逻辑就成了重中之重,简单来说,在分析题干的时候,对论断的合理性和不合理性都应该有所论述,并且要分析出在何种情况下和何种程度中该观点为合理或者不合理,没有训练过的学员,一定是在考场上最手足无措的那一群人。
我们要做的就是将托福写作题目分类,并进行相应的优化。托福作文题目的难度体现最主要就是在作文题目越来越抽象,越来越不容易想到理由。其实,当面对这些题目的时候,很多人总会把自己投入一个怪圈,单纯的死扣这个问题,而不是试图将它扩展或者细化。 作文最忌讳的就是就事论事,不作任何扩展。
最后,英文写作也是一种品质训练。写作能力不是天生的,一定是养成的,任何资质的孩子通过适当的培训和培养,都有可能成为一个合格的写作者。但是,知易行难,不喜欢动笔写是大多数人的通病,写作也是思路整理和思维锻炼的过程,更是考验人的毅力和定力的时刻。在适当的时候,将写作养成习惯需要借助外力,需要定期的督促和修改。注意到写作能力的重要性,亡羊补牢,为时未晚,否则咱们的孩子到了国外之后,在语言上如何和外国的同龄人抗衡呢?
托福独立写作经典9
托福独立写作主体段写法技巧(单观点篇)
托福独立写作对于不少托福考生来说是取得高分难以逾越的一道鸿沟,这不仅需要大量的练习,还需要掌握其中的诀窍。今天,小编为各位考生带来托福独立写作主题段单观点的写法点拨,希望对各位考生有所帮助。
对于独立写作我们通常都会选择五段式结构,这个结构包括三个主体段,按照题型我们可以将写作类型分为三个:支持反对类(单观点)、对比比较类(双观点)、自主定义类。首先我们要明确一下定义,单观点话题就是说题目只要求考生表明自己的态度,支持或反对,并且题目中没有任何要求拿来作比较的对象。今天,小编就为各位考生分析一下有关单观点类题目的写作技巧,下面是一道典型的题目:
Topic 20xx.11.3
People who do not work because they have enough money are rarely happy.
这道题就是一道典型的单观点题目,那些因为有足够的钱而不去工作的人,他们鲜少开心。
针对单观点话题主体段的展开有两种方式,举例我们支持是A观点,先来看第一种写法。
1. A+A+A
这种写法代表着我们需要用三个理由支持自己的选择。
Topic:It is desirable to know about events from all over the world even if it is unlikely to have any effect on your daily life.
了解世界各地发生的事情是好的,纵使这些事不会对我们的日常生活产生任何影响。
1. To begin with, being aware of these cultural events means having more topics for communication.
2. In addition, learning news about science is necessary for us to form correct world views in todays fast-changing society.
3. In the end, understanding political incidents serves as an excellent method to broaden our horizons.
在这种写法里考生可举出了三个论点正向支持自己的态度,认为了解这些事情是必要的。但是这种写法并不适用于每个考生,因为对于大部分考生来说,要一口气想到主体段的三个理由是有难度的,需要较为丰富的素材积累和较快地反应速度才能做到。因此,大部分考生在写作过程中倾向于选择让步段的写作方式,可以快速简单有效地解决主体段分论点。下面我们来看第二种写法。
2. A+A+(-A)
这种写法代表,前两个论点正向表达考生的观点,最后一个主体段让步一下,以达到全面看待topic的效果。在此引用一个例子:
Scientists should be responsible for negative impacts of their discoveries?
Disagree
1. The aim and motivation of scientists research is to transform the world and improve peoples life.
2. The results of most discoveries are advantageous to our society.
3. Admittedly, we should not overlook that in some cases, scientists inventions lead to negative impacts.However, this kind of impact often is not created by scientists. It could be the consequence of peoples improper use.
这道题我们的写法依然是先用两个理由解释我们为什么持反对的`态度,然后再用一个相反的观点削弱我们的态度,从而达到全面看待问题的效果。最后一个观点的逻辑是,虽然承认有负面影响,但同时为科学开脱:这些消极的影响并非出自科学家之手,而是由于人们的不恰当使用造成的。
托福独立写作经典10
In current society, according to the survey conducted by a newspaper titled China Daily, the study burden on the shoulder of students is increasingly heavier, which has attracted widespread public attention. When it come to what parents can do to help their children’s study, many people, if not most, are strong believers of the claim that parents should finish their kids’ homework for the purpose of relieving the study pressure. However, as far as I am concerned, parents are supposed to guide their children to complete their homework independently, for having a better command of knowledge imparted in class and cultivating their independent thinking ability.
First and foremost, it is undeniable that finishing homework by themselves can help children better absorb the knowledge they obtained. As is known to all, the purpose of assigning homework to students is to review what they learned in the class. In other words, teachers will view their assignments as a yardstick to evaluate how well their students have absorbed the knowledge. For example, a history teacher may require his students to write a paper about the Independence War after briefly introducing the background and process of this war. Due to the lack of sufficient information about this subject, kids may turn to their parents for help. Some parents may do everything for their children, including collecting data, outlining the whole article and even finishing the paper. However, other parents may just provide some information sources and ask their kid to select relevant information and design the structure of the article. After finishing the paper, those who finish it independently have understood the whole process of Independent War, while those who do not complete by themselves forget what they learned quickly.
Furthermore, it is indisputable that doing assignment independently can foster children’s ability of solving problems on their ow
托福独立写作经典11
大多数托福独立写作prompts都非常简短,没有任何相关背景或语境给出,同学们在解题时也很容易泛泛而谈,难以打开思路或无法给出具体例证:
Your community has a piece of land and is considering introducing a business to this land. Which business would you prefer? a. a shopping mall b. a performing art center c. a hotel.
此类题目许多同学若选择 performing art center 可能会谈到艺术的重要性,好处(修身养性,开阔视野,social),以及 art center对自己社区居民的好处(如放松休闲),但往往无法给出具体例证或易于表达的例证和细节,亦或是无法从其它角度给出 reasons。若是选择 shopping mall, 许多同学更是除了convenient 外就再难从其它角度给出reasons. 此处不妨谈谈 your community 的情况,是在何种context里的一个 community? 1) Your community 是否已有shopping mall? art center? hotel? 有多少个?是否还需要? 2) Your community 是否有于题目相关的features?周边情况?
1 Shopping Mall
此题若选 shopping mall,可给出背景如: my community 已有6个hotels,3个performance arts centers ,却并没有shopping mall. 接下来例证细节可详细吐槽无shopping mall带来的不便。
第二个论点若一时无别的idea可写也没关系,可直接在上个论点基础上扩展,再从hotels和arts centers这两处吐槽: 6个hotels,3个arts centers常年都没有被充分利用 (those hotels and performance arts centers were not fully used), 有的hotels甚至都要倒闭了。显然再建hotels之类的是无用 (will be useless/ will be of no use)且费钱的。
2 Hotel
Likewise, 若选hotel,可给出背景如: my community is right next to a national park,然而却只有一个hotel且常常爆满,facilities也out-of-date,七八个shopping malls却没人逛,三个art centers也没能得到充分使用 。
注意此处context的构建要考虑所需支持的观点,去national park的游客大多都需要hotel,但对七八个shopping malls的.需求量则不大 (不至于大多都要疯狂扫货,爱马仕劳力士什么的买一堆),因而可支持get one more hotel rather than shopping mall.
此处若将national park改为Disney park可能就不够convincing了(参考香港Disney为例,旁边一站就是东荟城CityGate,大家懂的)。
3 Art Centre
若选art center,可给出背景: my community is right next to three art universities,然而却没有一个art center。学生演出不方便需驱车去别的城市。另外,若 build an art center,也可以create more job opportunities给这些学校的students.
此类极端虚构法在很多别的类似题目(几乎所有选择类题目)上也适用,解题快准狠,希望大家可以做到举一反三:
The government needs to decrease its annual budget due to the global financial crisis, which one aspect below do you think the government should focus more of its limited budgets on? a. education b. health care c. support for unemployed.
托福独立写作经典12
1, 观点明确
观点是一篇文章的灵魂。如果刚刚准备作文,看到题目,不知道怎么样说,那么可以先参考李笑来的范文。一来看别人是如何阐述自己观点,二来也算同时准备口语。但是到了后期,一定要看到一个题目的时候,能形成自己的观点,而不是人云亦云。这一点是托福独立写作能够拿到高分的最重要的因素。
2,逻辑清晰,论据具体。
托福独立作文要求展开充分well developed。怎么叫充分展开呢,一个题目,如果表示完全同意或反对,那么就显得太极端,太片面,通常只能得到很低的分数。但是简单的各打五十大板的做法也不可取。最简单的解决办法就是在照顾平衡的基础上有所侧重,也就是说,在论述一个问题的时候,一定要有所倾向,但是对另外的观点也要适当的着些笔墨。
除了清晰的逻辑,还需要具体合适的论据以及例子。天道专家建议考生不要去背别人的例子然后生搬硬套到自己的文章中去。例子不在多,在于是否贴切(appropriate),有说服力的`例子一两个就足够了。
3、语言
托福独立作文的语言上面达到以下3个要求就足够了:准确、流畅、丰富。准确是最基本的,要求考生的文章在拼写、语法、用词以及搭配上没有严重的错误。流畅是指文章整体的行文要一气呵成,逻辑进路清晰可见。在做到准确、流畅的基础上,语言的丰富多变是体现一个考生语言能力的重要指标,在同一篇文章里,用词要尽量避免重复,适当的时候,可能还要运用一些修辞手法。
一篇好的托福独立写作最重要的评分标准就是有个有效的论点,其次是清晰的逻辑,充分展开。最后才是语言。只要大家做到这3个标准,那么托福独立写作也就不是那么难了。当然,这些都不是能在朝夕之间就可以做到的。需要平时点点滴滴的训练与积累。希望本文对考生的备考生涯有所帮助!
托福独立写作经典13
下面与各位托福考生分享的是独立写作应试技巧:
01分配时间
30分钟,转瞬即逝,在托福独立写作上必须要分秒必争,对每一个环节要了然于胸。动笔前3-5分钟先构思,心里要布置一个框架,写完后需要3-5分钟检查。所以实际的写作时间只有差不多20分钟。
02 切题
仔细阅读问题或者论点,写得再好,如果离题了一切都是扯淡。
03 头脑风暴
在下笔之前要进行一两个头脑风暴,想一个最佳切入点去写
04 列提纲
构思你的'文章,列提纲的时候不需要面面俱到,有时甚至连阿拉伯数字也不需要写,就一行几个关键字,写文章的时候看着这些关键字去展开。
05 逻辑性
整篇文章必须是有逻辑性的,一般托福独立写作文章分为3个部分,第一部分:引入话题,通常就一个段落,或者几句话。第二部分:文章主体,通常由2-3个段落组成。第三部分:总结,通常也是一个段落或者几句话。
06 有理有据
托福写作切忌只有理论,一定要有理有据才可以打动人。所以每次给出一个论点的时候,一定记得要给出一个相应的实例。
07 信号词
无论你想表达的是并列的思想,还是转折的事情,亦或是其他,最好有一个信号词。比如讲到递进关系的时候,可以用furthermore,what’s more, moreover等。表示转折关系的可以用However,but,nevertheless等。
08 句式
句式变化要丰富,长短句结合,简单句和复杂句结合。这样可以使得整篇文章看起来错落有致,妙趣横生。
09 检查文章
最后关头别去想是不是要增加新的论点了。检查一下有没有出现低级错误,比如首字母是否大写,拼写错误,语法错误,或者标点错误。
托福独立写作经典14
托福的写作部分历来是中国考生的强项。正因如此,在写作部分,备考托福想拿高分的同学们更是不能掉以轻心。在托福独立写作中,想要清晰的确立文章的思路内容和主题,最为关键的就是如何写好他的开头。在文章开头的部分,我们又该关注到哪些问题呢?今天结合实例着重介绍托福独立写作两步四句开篇法,希望能为大家的托福写作带来帮助。
一般来说,开篇段落的写作可分为两大步骤:
第一步就是用简洁明了的句子对原题目的意思进行同义替换;
第二步是提出自己的观点。
这两大步骤细化起来可以概括为四句话:
第一句,采用同义替换的方式对原题目的意思进行更改,当然是“形变神不变”;
第二句,对题目的意思进行解释;
第三句,提出自己的观点;
第四句,概括自己所提出观点的理由,引起下文。
下面结合一些比较容易出错的题目来解释“两大步,四个句子”的具体运用方法。
案例1:误解原意思。
Do you agree or disagree: Because people are busy with doing so many things, they can do few things well?
Original:
Some people may hold the view that they are able to do things well even if they are busy with doing so many things simultaneously or during a given period. Although plausible at the first glance, I disagree with the statement. Depending on my own personal experience and personality, I firmly maintain that people can do few things well when they are busy with doing so many things. My arguments of this opinion are listed as follows.
解析:
文章第一句话不是对原题目意思进行解释,而是采用采取了和原意思相反的做法来进行题目诠释;第二句表明自己对误解题目的观点;第三句话对自己的观点进行近一步的解释;第四句一个过渡性的句子。开篇内容安排倒是很好,但是作者犯了误解原题目意思的错误导致后面整个文字都做了无用功。
Revised:
When people are engaged in a large extent of work simultaneously, they will not be able to perform all of them perfectly. Just imagine how terrible it will be: too many jobs need to be done by the same person in a given time. Once such a picture appears in my mind, I feel dizzy. To me, it is impossible to do everything well with the limited energy and many others factors .Therefore , I agree with the statement too many things to be done at the same time cause few to be well done . The reasons are as follow.
第一句话对原题目意思进行了很好的诠释;第二、三句话进一步解释原题目;第四句话提出自己的`观点;第五句话过渡性句子引起下文。
案例2 :语言罗嗦,绕弯子给出自己观点,浪费时间。
Some young adults want independence from their parents as soon as possible. Other young adults prefer to live with their families for a longer time. Which of these situations do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
Original:
With the development of science and technology, people’s living standard has been improving day by day. According to the family plan, one couple could have only one child. So child becomes the center of the whole family. Some of them are even spoiled. Therefore, I think it is better if the young adult could live independent from their parents as soon as possible.
解析:
这个开头看似没有任何问题,但是仔细分析就会发现很多问题。首先,作者绕了个大弯才给出自己的观点。其次,观点是对原题目的抄写,改动的比较少。最后,开篇缺少引起下文的过渡句。更大的错误是这个开头更像是一个全文主要观点的一个分论点。
Revised:
As we all know, some young adults have the sense of independence in a special period so that they want to choose to live apart from their family, while others still choose to stay with parents in the family. Family can provide young adults a warm bay where he or she could turn to whenever any problems arise. However, considering the sound development of the young adult both mentally and physically, I think to live independently the earlier, the better. Independence is a lesson that each of us must face one day. The detailed reasons are listed below.
解析:
第一句话诠释原题目意思;句话进一步解释第一句话;第三句话提出自己的观点;第四句话解释自己的观点,引出下文。
通过以上的范例,同学可能对这个方法有了或多或少的理解。还希望同学们通过真题演练,更好的掌握这个技巧。
托福独立写作经典15
对于托福独立写作来说,虽然模式简单,但是需要清晰的论点,明确的论点。所以,对于我们的逻辑思维也是一种考验。在托福写作中,我们如果我们想要获取高分,想要让自己的托福内容言之有物,最为重要的就是确立好自己的论点。下面我们就为大家详细介绍一下在托福写作中该如何确立自己的观点。
1,要与论题相匹配。论题问的既然是提高生活质量与否,一些无关紧要的改变就应该弃之不用,比如烹调时间缩短这一项改变,是事实,且未对生活质量有直接明显影响,就应该避免用作主要论点。
2,要能言之有物。这是再功利不过的一条标准。比如我自己提到了食物准备时间缩短能让人性情改变,破题时觉得不无可能,真落笔时却不知道由何说起,如果选了这一条为一个主要论点,结果是我说了一句话就走人,那还不如选个能下笔,能展示语言功底,也能显示思维缜密的写作方向。
3,选择的无论是2个还是3个论点,内在一定要有联系。这其实是整个立意阶段的重头。要立意,就是要明白自己表达的对象是什么,明确立场。然后站在这个立场上,挑选支持自己的论点。
托福写作破题结束后,第二要做的重要事项便是整理托福行文写作思路。破题过程其实是个发散思维的过程,而立意,则是要把思维收回来,组织化,理清它的脉络纹路,让他们按照自认为最有说服力的顺序排列好,准备落于纸上的过程。这个说服力的强弱,应该以什么标准判断呢?笔者认为,能说服读者的'议论,在论点选择上应该遵循一个原则:
三个(或者两个)论点不能在层面上有交叉,但要符合一条明线:支持全文观点。而最打动读者的论点选择,不仅遵循上面的原则,三个看似不交叉的论点间还有一条暗线贯穿一致。令全文浑然天成,回味无穷。
立意的地一步,按照上面的原则看,当然是先确定观点。以题目为例,笔者愿意选择否,食物易于准备降低了人们的生活质量。第一步踏出去了。
确定观点后,破题时得到的思维方向,明显不利于我的就应该排除。比如营养价值改变这一条,虽然速食文化的确对人体有害,但另一项速食:生疏和熟粗粮,就是向有益方向改变的,两者势均力敌,仅管是很容易想到,也很容易举例论证的论点,却不宜使用,因为如此贸然用了,有思维不缜密之嫌。然而,这毕竟是一块好啃的骨头,如果其他论点都不好论证,还可以回头捡起这一条来,隐去健康速食那个事实进行作文,当然,这依然是下下之选。
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