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托福考试写作技巧
托福考试写作技巧1
The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is nonbroadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.
Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors of news, information, and entertainment.
These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.
托福考试写作技巧2
在托福独立写作中，当我们已经根据已给题目确立了自己的观点，并且有了足够的分论点以此来支撑我们的中心论点后，我们就需要进行有理有据的论证来使我们的文章更加有充分的说服力。如果只是单纯给出中心论点和一些分论点，而说理论证不够充分，会让我们的文章显得非常空洞，不足以支撑我们的立场。自然，这样的托福写作文章是不会的高分的。由此我们就可以看出，充分的说理论证是多么的重要!
那么，论证到底怎么才能有说服力并且足够充分呢?
我们可以根据这样一个公式进行：主题句+说理+举例(数据)+总结例子+(反面论述)=充分论证
接下来我们来举一个实例：
Advertising is the most important cause of unhealthy eating habits.
我们用分类讨论的方法来写这道题，按小孩子和成人分类讨论。
比如：我们的主题句：对于小孩子来说，广告的确是他们不良饮食习惯的罪魁祸首。
说理：小孩子总是对新奇的东西充满好奇心，而且他们的辨识能力差，不能理解广告的真正意图。尤其一些不健康食物的广告，总是用夸张，诱人的手法大肆宣传。小孩子更容易被吸引。
举例：麦当劳经常会在广告中夸大食品的尺寸和美味程度，有时候还会推出购买套餐送儿童玩具的广告宣传，很多小孩会因为想要品尝美味的.食品或得到玩具而恳请父母带他们去吃这样的快餐。而麦当劳的很多食品都是经过油炸处理的，而且调味料也是比较多的，虽然好吃但是会使儿童一次性摄取过多热量而导致肥胖或者其它疾病。
总结例子：正是因为广告夸张和诱人的营销手段，使得小孩子容易被吸引，从而导致他们养成不良饮食习惯。
反面论述：如果没有这些诱人的广告，小孩子就不会食用高热量油炸食品，也就不会使他们养成不良的饮食习惯。
通过上面的举例，我们就可以看出这样一个完整的论述是非常充分且有说服力的，因为它有前因有后果还有充分细节。这样就能使读者更认同的观点。当然我们的目的也就达到了。
托福写作辅导提出在论述过程中，如果我们时间有限，在举例的时候我们没必要冥思苦想引数据，只需要填补一些重点细节，来弥补字数的不足。同样的，反面论证也可以有取舍的使用，只要字数充足，时间允许即可。
托福考试写作技巧3
In a spirit of gratitude and giving back to the parents who raised them, Bill and Jackie Merz"s daughters have extended a generous invitation.
“They both live in Chicago now,” said Bill Merz, 75, a retired Sacramento State psychology professor. “One was willing to put an extra floor on her house and install an elevator for us so we could live there. The other wanted to convert her basement for us.
”I told them we"d have somebody shoot us before we did that.“
The Merzes, who live in their own home at Eskaton Village Roseville, adore their extended, close-knit family, which also includes two sons in California and 11 grandchildren. But the idea of living with the kids in their older age leaves them cold.
”My first reaction was, "I don"t want you telling me what to do,"“ said Jackie Merz, who is also 75 and a retired teacher and counselor.
Most older adults tend to be a bit more euphemistic about it: Typically, they say that they don"t want to be a burden to their kids, or that they don"t want to impose. But statistics show a plainer truth. In huge numbers, seniors relish their freedom, and they want to live on their own as long as they can.
In the Sacramento region, US census figures show that almost three-fourths of people 65 and older live in same-generation (as opposed to multigenerational) households. National figures are even higher, with nearly 80 percent of older adults living in their own households – more than triple the number from the 1940s.
A recent survey from the research firm Gallup & Robinson highlights that sense of independence. While 53 percent of people below age 65 said they would take in an aging parent who needed their help, only a quarter of people older than 65 said they would accept an invitation to live with their grown children.
Those attitudes fly in the face of a stubborn cultural cliché, in which the grandparents, kids and grandkids grow older together under one roof – a holdover from the days when there was no choice but for the generations to live together, like it or not.
”I think the stereotype exists because we continually look retrospectively,“ said Bill Merz. ”It becomes a museum piece. Look at TV shows and movies about Christmas, the nuclear family they show.
“It hasn"t been that way since World War II. GIs didn"t come back from the war and move to Mom and Dad"s neighborhood. They moved to the suburbs or across the country.”
译文：
比尔默茨和杰基默茨夫妇的女儿们一心想要感谢和回报父母的养育之恩，对他们慷慨相邀。
“她们两个现在都住在芝加哥，”现年75岁的比尔?默茨说。他曾是萨拉门托州立大学的心理学教授，现已退休。“一个想要在她家的房子里加一层，给我们装上电梯，这样我们就能住在那儿了。另一个想把地下室改装给我们住。”
“我告诉她们如果要这样，还不如毙了我们。”
默茨夫妇住在他们艾斯卡顿村罗萨维尔区自己的家中，非常热爱他们紧密团结的`大家庭，除了两个女儿，他们还有两个住在加利福尼亚的儿子和11个孙子和孙女。但想到自己的晚年要和孩子们住在一起，他们感到很不快。
现年75岁的杰基?默茨说：“我的第一反应是：我不需要你来告诉我怎么做。”她曾是一名辅导教师，现在也已退休。
多数老人对此的态度会委婉一些。通常，他们会说他们不愿成为孩子的负担，或他们不想强行要求孩子接纳他们。但数据却更直白地反应了真相。有相当多的老人很享受他们当下的自由状态，想尽可能地自己生活。
在美国萨拉门托州，人口普查数据显示，65岁以上的老人当中有近四分之三和同代人一起居住，而不是多世同堂。全国范围内这一比例甚至更高，将近80%的老人住在自己的房子里——比上世纪40年代这一数据的三倍还要高。
盖洛普暨罗宾逊调查公司最近的一项调查便凸显了这种自立感。65岁以下的人有53%表示他们愿意与需要他们帮助的年迈父亲或母亲同住，而65岁以上的人只有四分之一表示会接受其成年子女的邀请与之同住。
这种态度公然挑战了顽固的传统文化观念。在旧观念里，祖父母，子女，孙子和孙女应该在同一屋檐下生活，成长，老去，这是从远古时代遗留下来的传统——那时，无论喜欢还是不喜欢，人们没有选择，只能多代同堂。
“我觉得这种老思想仍然存在是因为我们总是在追溯过去，”比尔?默茨说，“这玩意儿已经是博物馆里的古董了。看看电视和电影里核心家庭是怎么过圣诞节的。”
“自从二战以来人们就不那样生活了。士兵们从战场归来后，并没有搬到父母的住宅区里。他们到郊区去居住，或在全国各地落脚。”
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