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Resume Writing - Choosing the Right Format
Putting together a resume is very serious business. Often it is the first impression you will make on a prospective employer. Hopefully, after looking over your resume, the employer will grant you the opportunity to make a second impression.
If we look at the job search as a marketing campaign, as was discussed in the article, Personal Marketing Strategy, we can then look at the resume as a print advertisement or a marketing brochure. If you take a look through a magazine you will see many ads. Try to find one that tells you to buy a product because the company needs to increase its profits. You will be hard pressed to find such a beast. The ads you see tell you what the manufacturer's product can do for you — make your smile bright, your hair shiny, or simply make your life better. When putting together your resume, evaluate the needs of the employer and then determine how you can fill those needs. If you have access to a computer (which you do if you are reading this article) and a quality printer, you can design a targeted resume for every job for which you apply. If you have to mass produce your resume, you will have to do a little guesswork to come up with one that will impress everyone.
Choosing a Resume Format
Next you must determine what type of resume format to use. There are three basic types: chronological, functional, and a combination of the two. The following sections will explain what each of these types are and when to choose one type over another.
Chronological Resume
The chronological resume is probably the one with which most people are familiar. On it, work experience is listed in reverse chronological order (most recent job first). The period of time during which you were employed is listed first, followed by the name of the employer and then the employer's location. A description for each job is also included. Following work history is a section on education. If you are trying to show career growth, a chronological resume may be the way to go. If your most recent job is store manager, while the one before that is department manager, and the one before that is sales clerk, you can show a history of promotion. However, if your work history has been spotty or if it has been stagnant you shouldn't use a chronological resume. If you are changing careers, a chronological resume is not for you either.
Functional Resume
A functional resume categorizes skills by function, emphasizing your abilities. This is useful if you are changing careers and want to show how you can transfer your skills. As stated previously, it is important to show prospective employers what you can offer them. A functional resume does just that. A functional job objective is given first, followed by several paragraphs, each discussing a different job function. Examples of functions are: Supervision and Management, Accounting, and Writing and Editing. Begin with the one you want to emphasize most. If you are customizing your resume for different employers, you can change your functional job objective as well as the order in which you list the functions. However, if you don't list your previous jobs, the person reviewing your resume may be suspicious.
Combination Resume
A combination resume is exactly what it sounds like — it combines a functional resume with a chronological one. An objective is listed at the top, after your name and address, of course. Following that are paragraphs describing job functions. A section titled "Employment Experience" comes next. That is where the chronological part of the resume comes in. List employers and dates in this section. Do not offer further descriptions here as you have already described your abilities in the functional part of this resume. This is a useful format if you are changing careers but have a solid employment history. I also find it useful if your job duties on a single job were very diverse and you want to stress your various abilities. If you spent a long time at one job but moved up through the company, you might want to use a combination resume.
Where should educational background go?
If your education includes a college degree it is not necessary to include information about high school. If you have completed your education recently (less than five years ago) and your degree is relevant to the position for which you are applying, you should place your educational background near the top of your resume. Otherwise, you may place it at the bottom. If you completed your education more than five years ago and worked outside the field in which you were educated, but are now seeking to enter that field, you should also place your educational information at the top of your resume.
How long is too long?
A rule of thumb is to stick to a one page resume. Employers need only see a snapshot of your background -- something that will make them want to learn more about you. However, if there is something you must include, for example, special awards and achievements, publications, or a grant you procured, you can run onto a second page. This rule differs for a curriculum vitae (CV) which is used by academics. In general a CV is several pages long as it includes a list of publications.
What about personal information?
Do not, under any circumstances, include personal information such as height, weight, age, marital status, or religious background. In the United States, it is not legal for an employer to request this information. As for other countries, you would need to ascertain whether this information is necessary.
Where do I put salary history?
Sometimes a prospective employer will require a salary history along with a resume and cover letter. If that is the case, you can include the salary history as an addendum to your resume.
How do I handle a brief period of employment?
Every so often a job comes along that just wasn't meant to be. You begin a job that you soon discover isn't for you. Rather than continue at the job you decide to cut your losses and quit. If you do decide to place that job on your resume, a short period of employment might raise a lot of questions. On the other hand, you should never lie on your resume. Rather than include specific dates on your resume, include only years. For example, for each job you list, state the years or year that encompassed your tenure there. Of course, when you fill out an employment application, you are going to have to include the actual dates of employment.
How do I make sense of all the advice?
You will hear the opinions of many experts, each giving different advice. The bottom line is that you must produce a resume that makes you proud. Your name is right up there on top, it represents you, and will affect your chance of getting the interview. You get my point. Read through all the information, listen to what everyone has to say, and then decide what you want to do.
Do not forget to proof read your resume -- over and over again. Have someone else do it as well. Before you send it out, put it away for a day. Take it out again and look it over. You will probably pick up errors you didn't see yesterday.
Keep your resume up-to-date. Even if you are currently employed and have no intention of job hunting, add any new skills to your resume. If you work on a special project add that as well. You may not remember some important additions if you have to write a resume under pressure.
Now that we've covered all the basics of resume writing, now we'll briefly address some special issues, specifically resume banks, cover letters and resumes for creative jobs.
Where should educational background go?
If your education includes a college degree it is not necessary to include information about high school. If you have completed your education recently (less than five years ago) and your degree is relevant to the position for which you are applying, you should place your educational background near the top of your resume. Otherwise, you may place it at the bottom. If you completed your education more than five years ago and worked outside the field in which you were educated, but are now seeking to enter that field, you should also place your educational information at the top of your resume.
How long is too long?
A rule of thumb is to stick to a one page resume. Employers need only see a snapshot of your background -- something that will make them want to learn more about you. However, if there is something you must include, for example, special awards and achievements, publications, or a grant you procured, you can run onto a second page. This rule differs for a curriculum vitae (CV) which is used by academics. In general a CV is several pages long as it includes a list of publications.
What about personal information?
Do not, under any circumstances, include personal information such as height, weight, age, marital status, or religious background. In the United States, it is not legal for an employer to request this information. As for other countries, you would need to ascertain whether this information is necessary.
Where do I put salary history?
Sometimes a prospective employer will require a salary history along with a resume and cover letter. If that is the case, you can include the salary history as an addendum to your resume.
How do I handle a brief period of employment?
Every so often a job comes along that just wasn't meant to be. You begin a job that you soon discover isn't for you. Rather than continue at the job you decide to cut your losses and quit. If you do decide to place that job on your resume, a short period of employment might raise a lot of questions. On the other hand, you should never lie on your resume. Rather than include specific dates on your resume, include only years. For example, for each job you list, state the years or year that encompassed your tenure there. Of course, when you fill out an employment application, you are going to have to include the actual dates of employment.
How do I make sense of all the advice?
You will hear the opinions of many experts, each giving different advice. The bottom line is that you must produce a resume that makes you proud. Your name is right up there on top, it represents you, and will affect your chance of getting the interview. You get my point. Read through all the information, listen to what everyone has to say, and then decide what you want to do.
Do not forget to proof read your resume -- over and over again. Have someone else do it as well. Before you send it out, put it away for a day. Take it out again and look it over. You will probably pick up errors you didn't see yesterday.
Keep your resume up-to-date. Even if you are currently employed and have no intention of job hunting, add any new skills to your resume. If you work on a special project add that as well. You may not remember some important additions if you have to write a resume under pressure.
Now that we've covered all the basics of resume writing, now we'll briefly address some special issues, specifically resume banks, cover letters and resumes for creative jobs.
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