高三英语定语从句知识点归纳

时间:2024-10-30 13:21:10 晓丽 学习总结 我要投稿
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高三英语定语从句知识点归纳

  在平凡的学习生活中,说起知识点,应该没有人不熟悉吧?知识点也不一定都是文字,数学的知识点除了定义,同样重要的公式也可以理解为知识点。那么,都有哪些知识点呢?下面是小编整理的高三英语定语从句知识点归纳,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

高三英语定语从句知识点归纳

  高三英语定语从句知识点归纳

  定语从句

  (一)基本概念

  1.由一个句子作定语,修饰句中一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容,这样的从句就是定语从句,被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

  2.关系词分为两大类,即关系代词和关系副词,其作用一是引出一个定语从句,二是代替其所修饰的先行词,三是在句中充当某个句子成分。

  关系词的分类和基本用法

  表一

  分类指代引导词

  关系代词人who, whom, that, as

  事物which, that, as

  人或物(表所属关系)Whose

  关系副词地点Where

  时间When

  原因Why

  表二

  关系代词指代例句解释

  who人The man who helped you is Mr White.在定从中作主语

  whomThat is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.在定从中作宾语,可省略

  whoseHe is the father whose son studies very well in our class.在定从中作定语

  thatIm not the fool that you thought me to be.在定从中作表语

  asHe is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with.在定从中作宾语

  that事物The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.在定从中作宾语

  whichA dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words在定从中作主语

  whoseHe lives in a room whose window faces south在定从中作定语

  asIt is such a big stone as nobody can lift.在定从中作宾语

  整句内容As is known to all, he is the best student.在定从中作主语

  表三

  关系副词指代例句解释

  when时间Would you suggest a time when we can have a talk?在定从中作状语

  where地点The house where they live is not very large.在定从中作状语

  why原因This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.在定从中作状语

  高三英语定语从句知识点归纳

  一、定语从句的概念

  在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

  二、定语从句的关系词

  引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

  三、定语从句的分类

  根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

  四、关系代词的用法

  1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

  Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

  The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

  2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

  The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

  The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

  3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:

  The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

  Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

  注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:

  This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

  Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

  (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:

  This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。

  (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:

  The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

  (4)关系词只能用that的情况:

  a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

  b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

  c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

  d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

  I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

  e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:

  Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

  f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:

  There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

  (5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:

  a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:

  What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

  b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:

  This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

  c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:

  Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

  五、关系副词的用法

  (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:

  This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

  (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:

  This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

  (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:

  Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

  延伸阅读:定语从句知识重点与难点

  (一)当先行词有最高级,序数词修饰,是不定代词,或是all, no, only等形式时,关系代词一般用that,而不能用which。

  1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.

  2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.

  (二)当先行词是表示时间,地点,原因的词时,关系词用when, where, why 还有which, that

  1. I’m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.

  2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.

  3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn’t tell the truth to me.

  4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.

  (三)定语从句的简化表达:

  1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.

  2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.

  3. The question that is being discussed is very important.

  4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.

  说明:以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来:

  1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.

  2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.

  3. The question being discussed is very important.

  4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.

  说明:修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外,还可以用非谓语动词形式:doing短语,done短语,being done短语,to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下:

  1. 被修饰名词+doing短语: 正在做….的人/正在发生的事。

  2. 被修饰名词+ done短语: 被…..的人/事

  3. 被修饰名词+being done短语:正在被…..的人/事

  4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语:将要被…..的人/事

  (1)Do you know the man talking to my sister ?

  (2)The “crazy” gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call” in Brazil.

  (3)Did you see that car being repaired ?

  (4)In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.

  (5)The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.

  (6)Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.

  (7)The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon.

  总结:以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词,不定式的各种形式作定语。

  1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语,则可以放在被修饰名词前面。

  2. 分词作定语时,其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做,V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的

  3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的,to be done表示将要被做的

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